臘

See also: 腊

Translingual

Han character

臘 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 月女女女 (BVVV), four-corner 7221₇, composition ⿰月巤(GJKV) or ⿰⺼巤(HT))

Derived characters

• 𡅘, 𢺎, 𥸆, 𧅕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 997, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30009
• Dae Jaweon: page 1448, character 33
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2123, character 6
• Unihan data for U+81D8
• Unihan data for U+F926

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Chinese

trad.		臘
simp.		腊*
alternative forms		𦡳 𦠼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (巤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鑞	*raːb
蠟	*raːb
邋	*raːb, *rab
臘	*raːb
臈	*raːb
擸	*raːb, *rab
擖	*kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
獵	*rab
躐	*rab
鬣	*rab
儠	*rab
犣	*rab
鱲	*rab
巤	*rab
獦	*klaːd, *rab

Etymology

Uncertain.

• Bodde (1975) cites Zhèng Xuán's opinion that 臘 (OC *raːb, “year-end sacrifice”) derives from 獵 (OC *rab, “hunt”);
• Boltz (1979) instead relates it to a much later word written with the same phonetic & meaning "to cut off, to terminate" (of a year);
• Schuessler (2007) proposes an alternative Sino-Tibetan etymology: just as the 葉 (OC *hljeb, *leb) word-family encompasses the meanings "leaf > foliage, year, generation"; so the root *râp "new year, change of year" is apparently a parallel etymon, which also is cognate with Tibetan རབས། (rabs, “generation”) (Bodman, 1980).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): là (la⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄚˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laap⁶ / lip⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lap⁵

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): lab⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): la̍p / lia̍p / la̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lah⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: là
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: là
    • Wade–Giles: la⁴
    • Yale: là
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lah
    • Palladius: ла (la)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laap⁶ / lip⁶
    • Yale: laahp / lihp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laap⁹ / lip⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lab⁶ / lib⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːp̚²/, /liːp̚²/

Note: lip6 - variant.

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lap⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lap̚³²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lap̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍p
    • Tâi-lô: la̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lap
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lap̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lap̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍p
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liap
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liap̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍h
    • Tâi-lô: la̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lah
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /laʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /laʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʔ¹²¹/

Note:

• la̍p/lia̍p - literary;
• la̍h - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lah⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: la̍h
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laʔ⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 臘
Mandarin	Beijing	/la⁵¹/
	Harbin	/la⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lɑ⁵³/
	Jinan	/la²¹/
	Qingdao	/la⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/la²⁴/
	Xi'an	/la²¹/
	Xining	/la⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/la¹³/
	Lanzhou	/la¹³/
	Ürümqi	/la²¹³/
	Wuhan	/na²¹³/
	Chengdu	/na³¹/
	Guiyang	/na²¹/
	Kunming	/la̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/lɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/lɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/laʔ²/
	Pingyao	/lʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/laʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/laʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/laʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/lɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/la²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/la²²/
	Tunxi	/lɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/la²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/nɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/laʔ²/ ～月 /laʔ⁵/ ～肉
Hakka	Meixian	/lap̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/lɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lap̚²/
	Nanning	/ʟap̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lap̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lap̚⁵/ /laʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/laʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/la⁴²/ /si²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/laʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/la³³/

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• Middle Chinese: lap

Rime
Character	臘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	盍 (144)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧盍切
Baxter	lap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lap̚/
Li Rong	/lɑp̚/
Wang Li	/lɑp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	là
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laap6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤap/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	臘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	là
Middle Chinese	‹ lap ›
Old Chinese	/*C.rˁap/
English	winter sacrifice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	臘
Reading #	1/1
No.	8146
Phonetic component	巤
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	臘
Old Chinese	/*raːb/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 臘

1. year-end sacrifice to the gods
2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   燒臘／烧腊  ―  shāolà  ―  preserved or roasted meat

References

• “臘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

臘

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らふ (rafu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ろう (rō)^{←らふ (rafu, historical)}

Noun

臘(ろう) • (rō) 

1. a Buddhist ceremony held in winter on the third day of the dog
2. the twelfth month of the lunar-solar calendar
3. a year in Buddhism after one completes a meditation retreat

Synonyms

• (twelfth month): 臘月

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Korean

Hanja

臘 • (rap>nap) (hangeul 랍>납, revised rap>nap, McCune–Reischauer rap>nap, Yale lap>nap)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 臘 (chạp, chợp, lạp, lép)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.