蕩蕩

See also: 荡荡

Chinese

		a pond; pool; wash a pond; pool; wash; squander; sweep away; move; shake; dissolute	a pond; pool; wash a pond; pool; wash; squander; sweep away; move; shake; dissolute
trad. (蕩蕩/盪盪)		蕩/盪	蕩/盪
simp. (荡荡)		荡	荡

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàngdàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄤˋ ㄉㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dong⁶ dong⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàngdàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˋ ㄉㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàngdàng
    • Wade–Giles: tang⁴-tang⁴
    • Yale: dàng-dàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: danqdanq
    • Palladius: дандан (dandan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dong⁶ dong⁶
    • Yale: dohng dohng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dong⁶ dong⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: dong⁶ dong⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔːŋ²² tɔːŋ²²/

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• Middle Chinese: dangX dangX

Rime
Character	蕩
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒朗切
Baxter	dangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daŋX/
Li Rong	/dɑŋX/
Wang Li	/dɑŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dong6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N.rˤaŋʔ  N.rˤaŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːŋʔ  l'aːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蕩
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dangX ›
Old Chinese	/*N.rˁaŋʔ/
English	beat furiously (of the heart)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蕩
Reading #	2/2
No.	14569
Phonetic component	昜
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蕩
Old Chinese	/*l'aːŋʔ/

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) 蕩蕩

1. (literary, ideophonic) vast; broad; spacious (and empty)
2. (literary, ideophonic) generous; magnanimous
3. (literary, ideophonic, of water) gushing; surging; rushing
4. (literary, ideophonic) unrestrained; unconstrained
5. (literary, ideophonic) floating; drifting; swaying
6. (literary, ideophonic) bright and clean; luminous

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
蕩	蕩
とう Hyōgaiji	とう Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Alternative forms

• 湯湯

Etymology

/tautau/ → /tɔːtɔː/ → /toːtoː/

From Middle Chinese 蕩蕩 (MC dangX dangX).

Due to some similarity in meaning in the source Chinese and further conflation in Japanese, this term is variously spelled either 蕩蕩 or 湯湯. Note that the difference is the presence or absence of the radical 艹 at the top of each character.

Adjective

蕩(とう)蕩(とう) • (tōtō) ^{←たうたう (tautau)?†}-tari (adnominal 蕩(とう)蕩(とう)とした (tōtō to shita) or 蕩(とう)蕩(とう)たる (tōtō taru), adverbial 蕩(とう)蕩(とう)と (tōtō to) or 蕩(とう)蕩(とう)として (tōtō to shite))

1. (uncommon, literary) spacious, grandiose
2. (uncommon, literary) level and peaceful
3. (uncommon, literary) gushing, surging, rushing
4. (uncommon, literary) gentle
5. (uncommon, literary) disordered, unconstrained

References

• Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN