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見せる

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
見
み
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 見す (misu), following 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”).

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下(しも)二(に)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下(しも)一(いち)段(だん)活(かつ)用(よう) (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

First cited to the Man'yōshū, circa 759 CE.[1]

Analyzable as 見 (mi, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 見(み)る (miru, “to see; to look at”)) +‎ す (-su, causative suffix, corresponding to modern せる (-seru)).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 見せる
Plain 見せる みせる [mìséꜜrù]
Conjunctive 見せて みせて [míꜜsètè]
Perfective 見せた みせた [míꜜsètà]
Negative 見せない みせない [mìséꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 見せなかった みせなかった [mìséꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 見せれば みせれば [mìséꜜrèbà]
Past conditional 見せたら みせたら [míꜜsètàrà]
Imperative 見せろ
見せよ 		みせろ
みせよ 		[mìséꜜrò]
[mìséꜜyò]
Volitional 見せよう みせよー [mìséyóꜜò]
Desiderative 見せたい みせたい [mìsétáꜜì]
Formal 見せます みせます [mìsémáꜜsù]
Formal negative 見せません みせません [mìsémáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 見せましょう みせましょー [mìsémáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 見せました みせました [mìsémáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 見せ
見せに 		みせ
みせに 		[míꜜsè]
[míꜜsè nì]
Negative continuative 見せず
見せずに 		みせず
みせずに 		[mìséꜜzù]
[mìséꜜzù nì]
Passive 見せられる みせられる [mìséráréꜜrù]
Causative 見せさせる
見せさす 		みせさせる
みせさす 		[mìsésáséꜜrù]
[mìsésáꜜsù]
Potential 見せられる
見せれる 		みせられる
みせれる 		[mìséráréꜜrù]
[mìséréꜜrù]

Verb

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見(み)せる • (miseru) transitive ichidan (stem 見(み)せ (mise), past 見(み)せた (miseta))

Japanese verb pair
causative 見(み)せる
active 見(み)る
mediopassive 見(み)える
  1. to show
    写(しゃ)真(しん)を人(ひと)に見(み)せる
    shashin o hito ni miseru
    show someone a picture
  2. 魅せる: to show off; to demonstrate a skill or talent
  3. used as a 補助動詞 (hojo dōshi), after a verb in the て (-te) conjunctive form: to show one's ability or determination to do something; to set an example by doing something

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "見せる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 見せ みせ mise
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 見せ みせ mise
Shūshikei ("terminal") 見せる みせる miseru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 見せる みせる miseru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 見せれ みせれ misere
Meireikei ("imperative") 見せよ¹
見せろ² 		みせよ¹
みせろ² 		miseyo¹
misero²
Key constructions
Passive 見せられる みせられる miserareru
Causative 見せさせる
見せさす 		みせさせる
みせさす 		misesaseru
misesasu
Potential 見せられる
見せれる³ 		みせられる
みせれる³ 		miserareru
misereru³
Volitional 見せよう みせよう miseyō
Negative 見せない
見せぬ
見せん 		みせない
みせぬ
みせん 		misenai
misenu
misen
Negative continuative 見せず みせず misezu
Formal 見せます みせます misemasu
Perfective 見せた みせた miseta
Conjunctive 見せて みせて misete
Hypothetical conditional 見せれば みせれば misereba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

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References

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  1. ^ “見”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  3. ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 [Nationwide Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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