起立

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qǐlì

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hei² laap⁶ / hei² lap⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khí-li̍p
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵chi-liq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qǐlì
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǐlì
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi³-li⁴
    • Yale: chǐ-lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiilih
    • Palladius: цили (cili)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ li⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 綺麗 / 绮丽 起立

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hei² laap⁶ / hei² lap⁶
    • Yale: héi laahp / héi lahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hei² laap⁹ / hei² lap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: héi² lab⁶ / héi² leb⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯³⁵ laːp̚²/, /hei̯³⁵ lɐp̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khí-li̍p
    • Tâi-lô: khí-li̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qylip
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lip̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lip̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lip̚¹²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lip̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lip̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵chi-liq
    • MiniDict: chi^去 lih
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qi-liq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³³ liɪʔ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: khiX lip

Rime
Character	起	立
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	墟里切	力入切
Baxter	khiX	lip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨX/	/liɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨX/	/lip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰieX/	/ljep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨX/	/lip̚/
Li Rong	/kʰiəX/	/liəp̚/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəX/	/lĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰiX/	/li̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qǐ	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei2	lap6

Etymology 1

		to stand up	to stand
trad. (起立)		起	立
simp. #(起立)		起	立

Verb

起立

1. (intransitive) to stand up; to rise

   全體起立！／全体起立！  ―  Quántǐ qǐlì!  ―  All rise!

   起立鼓掌  ―  qǐlì gǔzhǎng  ―  to give a standing ovation

Synonyms

• 起身 (qǐshēn)
• 站起來／站起来 (zhàn qǐlai)

Antonyms

• 坐下 (zuòxià)

Etymology 2

		to build	to set up
trad. (起立)		起	立
simp. #(起立)		起	立

Verb

起立

1. (transitive) to build; to construct

Synonyms

edit

• 修建 (xiūjiàn)
• 修築 / 修筑 (xiūzhù)
• 塑建 (sùjiàn)
• 建構 / 建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
• 建築 / 建筑 (jiànzhù) (literally or figuratively)
• 建設 / 建设 (jiànshè)
• 建造 (jiànzào)
• 搭 (Hokkien)
• 搭建 (dājiàn)
• 搭蓋 / 搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
• 搭設 / 搭设 (dāshè)
• 架構 / 架构 (jiàgòu)
• 構作 / 构作 (gòuzuò)
• 構建 / 构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
• 構築 / 构筑 (gòuzhù)
• 構造 / 构造 (gòuzào)
• 營 / 营 (yíng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 營造 / 营造 (yíngzào)
• 版築 / 版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
• 築 / 筑 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 築造 / 筑造 (zhùzào)
• 興修 / 兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
• 興建 / 兴建 (xīngjiàn)
• 興築 / 兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
起	立
き Grade: 3	りつ Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きりつ [kìrítsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲiɾʲit͡sɨ]

Noun

起(き)立(りつ) • (kiritsu) 

1. standing up

   起(き)立(りつ)を求(もと)められた。

   Kiritsu o motomerareta.

   We were asked to stand.

   全(ぜん)員(いん)起(き)立(りつ)！

   Zen'in kiritsu!

   All rise!

Verb

起(き)立(りつ)する • (kiritsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 起(き)立(りつ)し (kiritsu shi), past 起(き)立(りつ)した (kiritsu shita))

1. to stand up; to rise

Conjugation

Conjugation of "起立する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	起立し	きりつし	kiritsu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	起立し	きりつし	kiritsu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	起立する	きりつする	kiritsu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	起立する	きりつする	kiritsu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	起立すれ	きりつすれ	kiritsu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	起立せよ¹ 起立しろ²	きりつせよ¹ きりつしろ²	kiritsu seyo¹ kiritsu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	起立される	きりつされる	kiritsu sareru
Causative	起立させる 起立さす	きりつさせる きりつさす	kiritsu saseru kiritsu sasu
Potential	起立できる	きりつできる	kiritsu dekiru
Volitional	起立しよう	きりつしよう	kiritsu shiyō
Negative	起立しない	きりつしない	kiritsu shinai
Negative continuative	起立せず	きりつせず	kiritsu sezu
Formal	起立します	きりつします	kiritsu shimasu
Perfective	起立した	きりつした	kiritsu shita
Conjunctive	起立して	きりつして	kiritsu shite
Hypothetical conditional	起立すれば	きりつすれば	kiritsu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “起立”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
• Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN