鳶

See also: 鸢

鳶 U+9CF6, 鳶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9CF6 ← 鳵 [U+9CF5] CJK Unified Ideographs 鳷 → [U+9CF7]

Translingual

Han character

鳶 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+3, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 戈心竹日火 (IPHAF), four-corner 4332₇, composition ⿱弋鳥)

Derived characters

• 𦿂

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1482, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46674
• Dae Jaweon: page 2015, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4615, character 13
• Unihan data for U+9CF6

Chinese

trad.		鳶
simp.		鸢
alternative forms		𩾢 𩾷 䳒／𱉧 𪃘 𪀝 𩾢 𩾷 䳒／𱉧 𪃘 𪀝 𩾭 鵈 䳣 䲻

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鳶
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts

Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷen): semantic 鳥 (“bird”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzwan (“kite”). Cognate with Burmese စွန် (cwan, “kite”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuān (yuan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun¹ / jyun⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yên / yân
• Eastern Min (BUC): iŏng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): eng¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ian / iân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuan
    • Wade–Giles: yüan¹
    • Yale: ywān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan
    • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyun¹ / jyun⁴
    • Yale: yūn / yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn¹ / jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun¹ / yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn⁵⁵/, /jyːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên
    • Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: eng¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: eng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: eng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ian
    • Tâi-lô: ian
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iefn
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
    • Tâi-lô: iân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: ywen

Rime
Character	鳶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	與專切
Baxter	ywen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/juæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwian/
Li Rong	/iuɛn/
Wang Li	/jĭwɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷen/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鳶
Reading #	1/1
No.	16103
Phonetic component	鳶
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	沿
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷen/
Notes	會意遊弋以獵之鷙鳥， 弋非聲

Definitions

鳶

1. (zoology) kite, especially the black kite (Milvus migrans)
2. kite (aircraft)

Synonyms

• (bird): (Dungan) ңәлойин (ŋəloyin)

Compounds

• 木鳶 / 木鸢
• 紙鳶 / 纸鸢 (zhǐyuān)
• 跕鳶之悟 / 跕鸢之悟
• 魚躍鳶飛 / 鱼跃鸢飞
• 鳶尾 / 鸢尾 (yuānwěi)
• 鳶形 / 鸢形 (yuānxíng)
• 鳶飛戾天 / 鸢飞戾天
• 鳶飛魚躍 / 鸢飞鱼跃

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鳶):

• → Korean: 연(鳶) (yeon)

References

• “鳶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “鸢”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 293.

Japanese

Kanji

鳶

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. kite

Readings

• Go-on: えん (en)
• Kan-on: えん (en)
• Kun: とび (tobi, 鳶)、とんび (tonbi, 鳶)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鳶
とび Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
鴟 鵄

Perhaps from 飛(と)び (tobi, “flying”), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 飛(と)ぶ (tobu, “to fly”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [to̞bʲi]
• (Tokyo) とび [tóꜜbì] (Atamadaka – [1])

Noun

鳶(とび) or 鳶(トビ) • (tobi) ^{←とび (tobi)?}

1. black kite, Milvus migrans

   Synonym: 鳶 (tonbi)

2. clipping of 鳶口 (tobi-guchi, “a fire hook”)
3. clipping of 鳶の者 (tobi no sha, “a construction worker, an Edo period fireman”)
4. clipping of 鳶色 (tobi iro, “kite-wing brown”)
5. someone of no fixed employment, a playboy

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鳶
とんび Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tõ̞mbʲi]
• (Tokyo) とんび [tóꜜǹbì] (Atamadaka – [1])

Noun

鳶(とんび) or 鳶(トンビ) • (tonbi) ^{←とんび (tonbi)?}

1. alternative form of 鳶 (tobi, “black kite, Milvus migrans”)
2. someone who steals things from the front of a house or shop as they pass by
3. clipping of 鳶合羽 (tonbi-kappa, “a caped overcoat”)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

References

• “^▲鳶”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

鳶 (eumhun 솔개 연 (solgae yeon))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鳶: Hán Nôm readings: diên, diều

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.