-uma

See also: uma, UMA, UMa, and Uma

Estonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Cognate with Finnish -ua.

Verb

-uma (da-infinitive -uda)

1. Derives various verbs

Inflection

Conjugation of -uma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)

indicative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-un	ei -u	1st sing.	olen -unud	ei ole -unud pole -unud
2nd sing.	-ud		2nd sing.	oled -unud
3rd sing.	-ub		3rd sing.	on -unud
1st plur.	-ume		1st plur.	oleme -unud
2nd plur.	-ute		2nd plur.	olete -unud
3rd plur.	-uvad		3rd plur.	on -unud
passive	-utakse	ei -uta	passive	on -utud	ei ole -utud pole -utud
past			pluperfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-usin	ei -unud	1st sing.	olin -unud	ei olnud -unud polnud -unud
2nd sing.	-usid		2nd sing.	olid -unud
3rd sing.	-us		3rd sing.	oli -unud
1st plur.	-usime		1st plur.	olime -unud
2nd plur.	-usite		2nd plur.	olite -unud
3rd plur.	-usid		3rd plur.	oli -unud
passive	-uti	ei -utud	passive	oli -utud	ei olnud -utud polnud -utud
conditional
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-uksin	ei -uks	1st sing.	-unuksin oleksin -unud	ei -unuks ei oleks -unud poleks -unud
2nd sing.	-uksid		2nd sing.	-unuksid oleksid -unud
3rd sing.	-uks		3rd sing.	-unuks oleks -unud
1st plur.	-uksime		1st plur.	-unuksime oleksime -unud
2nd plur.	-uksite		2nd plur.	-unuksite oleksite -unud
3rd plur.	-uksid		3rd plur.	-unuksid oleksid -unud
passive	-utaks	ei -utaks	passive	oleks -utud	ei oleks -utud poleks -utud
imperative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.	-u	ära -u	2nd sing.	ole -unud	ära ole -unud
3rd sing.	-ugu	ärgu -ugu	3rd sing.	olgu -unud	ärgu olgu -unud
1st plur.	-ugem	ärme -ume ärme -u ärgem -ugem	1st plur.	olgem -unud	ärme oleme -unud ärme ole -unud ärgem olgem -unud
2nd plur.	-uge	ärge -uge	2nd plur.	olge -unud	ärge olge -unud
3rd plur.	-ugu	ärgu -ugu	3rd plur.	olgu -unud	ärgu olgu -unud
passive	-utagu	ärgu -utagu	passive	olgu -utud	ärgu olgu -utud
quotative
present			perfect
voice	positive	negative	voice	positive	negative
active	-uvat	ei -uvat	active	olevat -unud	ei olevat -unud polevat -unud
passive	-utavat	ei -utavat	passive	olevat -utud	ei olevat -utud polevat -utud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive	active	passive	da-infinitive	present	past
nominative	-uma	-utama	nominative	-uda	olla -unud
illative		—	inessive	-udes	olles -unud
inessive	-umas		participle	active	passive
elative	-umast		present	-uv	-utav
translative	-umaks		past	-unud	-utud
abessive	-umata		negative	-umatu	—

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -uma

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Finnish

Etymology

Either from -ua +‎ -ma or extracted from such instances. Could also be a contraction of -utuma, from -utua + -ma.

Suffix

-uma (front vowel harmony variant -ymä, linguistic notation -UmA)

1. Variant of -ma; forms passive action/result nouns from verbs and sometimes nouns.

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -uma

Anagrams

• mau, mua

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Old English

Alternative forms

• -ema, -ma
• -emest, -emesta (when combined with additional superlative endings)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-umô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /u.mɑ/

Suffix

-uma

1. used to form the superlative of Old English adjectives

   medema, meduma ― midway in size, midmost

   hindema ― hindmost, last

   forma ― first, earliest

2. used in combination with other superlative endings

   furmesta ― foremost

   æftemest ― aftermost

   ēastemest ― easternmost

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -uma

Descendants

• English: -most (from -emest(a))