cognate

English

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin cognātus (“related by blood”), from nātus (“born”).

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒɡ.neɪt/, (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ˈkɒɡ.nɨt/
• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter)

  Audio (US):

  (file)

Adjective

cognate (not comparable)

1. Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically (deprecated template usage) (law) related on the mother's side.
2. Of the same or a similar nature; of the same family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred.
3. (deprecated template usage) (linguistics) Either descended from the same attested source lexeme of an ancestor language, or held on the grounds of the methods of historical linguistics to be regular reflexes of the unattested, reconstructed form of a proto-language.

   English (deprecated template usage) mother is cognate with Greek (deprecated template usage) μητέρα, German (deprecated template usage) Mutter, Russian (deprecated template usage) мать (matʹ) and Persian (deprecated template usage) مادر (madar).

   In English, (deprecated template usage) queen is cognate with (deprecated template usage) quean, both of which are cognate with Russian (deprecated template usage) жена́ (žená), Icelandic (deprecated template usage) kona and Irish (deprecated template usage) bean.

   In English, shirt is cognate with skirt; both are descended from the Proto-Indo-European root *sker-, meaning "to cut".

Usage notes

"Cognate to" is much less common than "cognate with" and not even mentioned in most dictionaries.

Translations

derived from the same roots

• Armenian: ազգակից (hy) (azgakicʻ)
• Bulgarian: родствен (bg) (rodstven), сроден (bg) (sroden)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 同源 (zh) (tóngyuán)

• Dutch: verwant (nl)
• Finnish: sukua (fi) (partitive of noun)
• French: apparenté (fr)
• German: verwandt (de), etymologisch verwandt, stammverwandt, urverwandt, kognat, wurzelverwandt (de)
• Greek: συγγενής (el) m or f (syngenís)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Hungarian: rokon (hu)
• Icelandic: samstofna, skyldur
• Italian: affine
• Malay: kognat, serumpun
• Manx: cocheintagh
• Portuguese: cognato (pt)
• Romanian: etimologic înrudit m
• Russian: ро́дственный (ru) (ródstvennyj), однокоренно́й (ru) (odnokorennój)
• Spanish: cognado (es) m
• Turkish: kökteş (tr)

descended from the same attested source lexeme of an ancestor language

• Dutch: verwant (nl)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Romanian: rudă etimologică f

Derived terms

• cognateness

Noun

cognate (plural cognates)

1. One of a number of things allied in origin or nature.
2. (deprecated template usage) (law, dated) One who is related to another on the female side.
3. (deprecated template usage) (law, dated) One who is related to another, both having descended from a common ancestor through legal marriages.
4. A word either descended from the same base word of the same ancestor language as the given word, or strongly believed to be a regular reflex of the same reconstructed root of proto-language as the given word.

   English (deprecated template usage) mother is a cognate of Greek (deprecated template usage) μητέρα, German (deprecated template usage) Mutter, Russian (deprecated template usage) мать (matʹ) and Persian (deprecated template usage) مادر (madar).

   English (deprecated template usage) queen and quean, Russian (deprecated template usage) жена́ (žená), Icelandic (deprecated template usage) kona and Irish (deprecated template usage) bean are all cognates.

Translations

word derived from the same roots as a given word

• Afrikaans: kognaat
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 同源詞／同源词 (tóngyuáncí), 同源词 (zh) (tóngyuáncí)

• Dutch: cognaat (nl), verwant (nl)
• Esperanto: kognato (eo)
• Finnish: sukulaissana
• French: cognat (fr) m, mot apparenté m
• Galician: cognado m
• German: Kognat (de) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Icelandic: samstofna orð (is)
• Indonesian: kata kerabat
• Japanese: 同根語 (どうこんご, dōkongo)
• Khmer: បរិវារសព្ទ (bɑɑreʔvaasap)
• Malay: kognat, kata serumpun
• Polish: pokrewny / spokrewniony wyraz n
• Portuguese: cognato (pt) m
• Russian: однокоренно́е сло́во n (odnokorennóje slóvo), когна́т (ru) m (kognát)
• Spanish: cognado (es) m

Derived terms

• false cognate
• cognacy

References

• Template:projectlink

See also

• derivation
• etymology
• etymon
• root
• false friend
• agnate

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Italian

Noun

cognate f

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) plural of cognata

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Latin

Adjective

(deprecated template usage) cognāte

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) vocative masculine singular of cognātus