Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁óynos

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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    Perhaps built on the pronominal stem *éy (he, she, it) +‎ *-nós, in which case the suffix would have been used in contradiction to its presumed usage. Homer's use of feminine ἴα (ía, one), from *ih₂, directly from the pronominal stem *i- has been suggested as a corroboration for this.

    Alternative forms in PIE include *Hóywos, attested in Greek and Indo-Iranian (cf. Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua)) and *Hóykos, attested only in Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit एक (éka)).

    Numeral

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    Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers
    1 2  > 
        Cardinal : *h₁óynos
        Ordinal : *pr̥h₃wós
        Adverbial : *somHós
        Fractional : *sēmi
        Prefix : *sm̥-

    *h₁óynos

    1. one
    2. single
      Synonym: *sḗm

    Inflection

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    Thematic
    masculine feminine
    nominative *h₁óynos *h₁óyneh₂
    genitive *h₁óynosyo *h₁óyneh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *h₁óynos
    vocative *h₁óyne
    accusative *h₁óynom
    genitive *h₁óynosyo
    ablative *h₁óynead
    dative *h₁óynoey
    locative *h₁óyney, *h₁óynoy
    instrumental *h₁óynoh₁
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *h₁óyneh₂
    vocative *h₁óyneh₂
    accusative *h₁óynām
    genitive *h₁óyneh₂s
    ablative *h₁óyneh₂s
    dative *h₁óyneh₂ey
    locative *h₁óyneh₂, *h₁óyneh₂i
    instrumental *h₁óyneh₂h₁
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *h₁óynom
    vocative *h₁óynom
    accusative *h₁óynom
    genitive *h₁óynosyo
    ablative *h₁óynead
    dative *h₁óynoey
    locative *h₁óyney, *h₁óynoy
    instrumental *h₁óynoh₁

    Reconstruction notes

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    Acute accent in Balto-Slavic points to a medial laryngeal, at least in the *HóyHnos form.

    According to Arnaud Fournet, Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas is unique among all Indo-European languages and shows similarity with counterparts in Uralic languages. Compare, however, Proto-Albanian *ne uka (whence Albanian nuk).

    Descendants

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    • Proto-Albanian: *ainja (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *ainaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *óynos
      • Ancient Greek: οἶνος (oînos, the ace on dice), οἴνη (oínē, the ace on dice)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háynas
    • Proto-Italic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aiˀnas

    Derived terms

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    • *h₁óy-kos
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háykas (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Albanian: *ne uka
    • *h₁óyH-wos
      • Proto-Hellenic: *óywos
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háywas (just, only) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • *h₁iH-n-os
    • *h₁oyH-ni-kós
    • (possibly) *h₁óy-n̥-ki-

    References

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    • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    • Fournet, Arnaud (2010) About the Mitanni-Aryan Gods, The Journal of Indo-European Studies, Volume 38, Number 1 & 2, Spring/Summer 2010, p.27
    • Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag