escalfar

Catalan

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti

Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti

Proto-Italic *kalēō

Latin caleō

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti

Proto-Italic *θakjō

Proto-Italic *fakjō

Latin faciō

Latin calefaciō

Latin calfaciō

Classical Latin excalfaciō

Vulgar Latin *excalfō

Catalan escalfar

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *excalfare, from Classical Latin excalfacere. Equivalent to es- +‎ calfar. Cognate with English chafe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [əs.kəlˈfa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [es.kalˈfaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [es.kalˈfa]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

escalfar (first-person singular present escalfo, first-person singular preterite escalfí, past participle escalfat)

1. (transitive) to heat; to warm up
2. (transitive, figurative) to beat up

   Synonym: apallissar

3. (pronominal) to heat up; to overheat
4. (pronominal, figurative) to become sexually aroused
5. (pronominal, colloquial) to get drunk

   Synonym: embriagar-se

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of escalfar (first conjugation)

infinitive			escalfar
gerund			escalfant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		escalfat		escalfada
		plural		escalfats		escalfades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	escalfo	escalfes	escalfa	escalfem	escalfeu	escalfen
	imperfect	escalfava	escalfaves	escalfava	escalfàvem	escalfàveu	escalfaven
	future	escalfaré	escalfaràs	escalfarà	escalfarem	escalfareu	escalfaran
	preterite	escalfí	escalfares	escalfà	escalfàrem	escalfàreu	escalfaren
	conditional	escalfaria	escalfaries	escalfaria	escalfaríem	escalfaríeu	escalfarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	escalfi	escalfis	escalfi	escalfem	escalfeu	escalfin
	imperfect	escalfés	escalfessis	escalfés	escalféssim	escalféssiu	escalfessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	escalfa	escalfi	escalfem	escalfeu	escalfin
	negative (no)	—	no escalfis	no escalfi	no escalfem	no escalfeu	no escalfin

Derived terms

• escalf
• escalfabraguetes
• escalfacadires
• escalfador
• escalfallits
• escalfament
• escalfapanxes
• escalfaplats
• escalfar-se el cap
• escalfeir
• escalfor
• ou escalfat
• sobreescalfar

Related terms

• calent
• calfar

Further reading

• “escalfar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “escalfar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Occitan

Alternative forms

• escaufar

Etymology

From Old Occitan escalfar from Vulgar Latin *excalfāre, from Latin excal(e)facere.

Verb

escalfar

1. to heat; to warm up

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		escalfar			aver escalfat
gerund		escalfant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		escalfat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	escalfi	escalfas	escalfa	escalfam	escalfatz	escalfan
	imperfect	escalfavi	escalfavas	escalfava	escalfàvem	escalfàvetz	escalfavan
	preterite	escalfèri	escalfères	escalfèt	escalfèrem	escalfèretz	escalfèron
	future	escalfarai	escalfaràs	escalfarà	escalfarem	escalfaretz	escalfaràn
	conditional	escalfariái	escalfariás	escalfariá	escalfariam	escalfariatz	escalfarián
	conditional 2nd form1	escalfèra	escalfèras	escalfèra	escalferam	escalferatz	escalfèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	escalfe	escalfes	escalfe	escalfem	escalfetz	escalfen
	imperfect	escalfèssi	escalfèsses	escalfèsse	escalfèssem	escalfèssetz	escalfèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			escalfa		escalfem	escalfatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		escalfar			aver escalfat
gerund		escalfant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		escalfat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	escalfe	escalfes	escalfa	escalfam	escalfatz	escalfon
	imperfect	escalfave	escalfaves	escalfava	escalfaviam	escalfaviatz	escalfavon
	preterite	escalfere	escalferes	escalfet	escalfem	escalfetz	escalferon
	future	escalfarai	escalfaràs	escalfará	escalfarem	escalfaretz	escalfarán
	conditional	escalfariá	escalfariás	escalfariá	escalfariam	escalfariatz	escalfarián
	conditional 2nd form1	escalfèra	escalfèras	escalfèra	escalferam	escalferatz	escalfèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	escalfe	escalfes	escalfe	escalfassiam	escalfassiatz	escalfon
	imperfect	escalfesse	escalfesses	escalfesse	escalfessiam	escalfessiatz	escalfesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			escalfa		escalfassiam	escalfatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		escalfar			aver escalfat
gerund		escalfant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		escalfat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	escalfi	escalfas	escalfa	escalfam	escalfatz	escalfan
	imperfect	escalfavi	escalfavas	escalfava	escalfàvam	escalfàvatz	escalfavan
	preterite	escalfèi	escalfès	escalfè	escalfèm	escalfètz	escalfèn
	future	escalfarèi	escalfaràs	escalfarà	escalfaram	escalfaratz	escalfaràn
	conditional	escalfarí	escalfarés	escalfaré	escalfarem	escalfaretz	escalfarén
	conditional 2nd form1	escalfèra	escalfèras	escalfèra	escalferam	escalferatz	escalfèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	escalfi	escalfes	escalfe	escalfem	escalfetz	escalfen
	imperfect	escalfèssi	escalfèsses	escalfèsse	escalfèssem	escalfèssetz	escalfèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			escalfa		escalfem	escalfatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		escalfar			aver escalfat
gerund		escalfant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		escalfat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	escalfe	escalfas	escalfa	escalfam	escalfatz	escalfan
	imperfect	escalfava	escalfavas	escalfava	escalfàvam	escalfàvatz	escalfavan
	preterite	escalfei	escalferas	escalfet	escalfèram	escalfèratz	escalferan
	future	escalfarai	escalfaràs	escalfará	escalfarem	escalfaretz	escalfarán
	conditional	escalfariá	escalfariàs	escalfariá	escalfariam	escalfariatz	escalfarián
	conditional 2nd form1	escalfèra	escalfèras	escalfèra	escalferam	escalferatz	escalfèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	escalfe	escalfes	escalfe	escalfem	escalfetz	escalfen
	imperfect	escalfèsse	escalfèsses	escalfèsse	escalfèssem	escalfèssetz	escalfèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			escalfa		escalfem	escalfatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		escalfar			aver escalfat
gerund		escalfant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		escalfat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	escalfe	escalfes	escalfa	escalfam	escalfatz	escalfan
	imperfect	escalfavi	escalfavas	escalfava	escalfàvem	escalfàvetz	escalfavan
	preterite	escalfère	escalfères	escalfèt	escalferiam	escalferiatz	escalfèron
	future	escalfarai	escalfaràs	escalfarà	escalfarem	escalfaretz	escalfaràn
	conditional	escalfariáu	escalfariás	escalfariá	escalfariam	escalfariatz	escalfarián
	conditional 2nd form1	escalfèra	escalfèras	escalfèra	escalferam	escalferatz	escalfèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	escalfe	escalfes	escalfe	escalfem	escalfetz	escalfan
	imperfect	escalfèsse	escalfèsses	escalfèsse	escalfessiam	escalfessiatz	escalfèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			escalfa		escalfem	escalfatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Related terms

• calfar, caufar
• caud

Portuguese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *excalfāre, from Latin excal(e)facere.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.kawˈfa(ʁ)/ [is.kaʊ̯ˈfa(h)], /es.kawˈfa(ʁ)/ [es.kaʊ̯ˈfa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /is.kawˈfa(ʁ)/ [is.kaʊ̯ˈfa(h)], /es.kawˈfa(ʁ)/ [es.kaʊ̯ˈfa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /is.kawˈfa(ɾ)/ [is.kaʊ̯ˈfa(ɾ)], /es.kawˈfa(ɾ)/ [es.kaʊ̯ˈfa(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʃ.kawˈfa(ʁ)/ [iʃ.kaʊ̯ˈfa(χ)], /eʃ.kawˈfa(ʁ)/ [eʃ.kaʊ̯ˈfa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /is.kawˈfa(ɻ)/ [is.kaʊ̯ˈfa(ɻ)], /es.kawˈfa(ɻ)/ [es.kaʊ̯ˈfa(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.kalˈfaɾ/ [(i)ʃ.kaɫˈfaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.kalˈfaɾ/ [(i)ʃ.kaɫˈfaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʃ.kalˈfa.ɾi/ [(i)ʃ.kaɫˈfa.ɾi]

Verb

escalfar (first-person singular present escalfo, first-person singular preterite escalfei, past participle escalfado)

1. to poach (cook in simmering water)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of escalfar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	escalfar
Personal	escalfar	escalfares	escalfar	escalfarmos	escalfardes	escalfarem
Gerund
	escalfando
Past participle
Masculine	escalfado			escalfados
Feminine	escalfada			escalfadas
Indicative
Present	escalfo	escalfas	escalfa	escalfamos	escalfais	escalfam
Imperfect	escalfava	escalfavas	escalfava	escalfávamos	escalfáveis	escalfavam
Preterite	escalfei	escalfaste	escalfou	escalfamos1, escalfámos2	escalfastes	escalfaram
Pluperfect	escalfara	escalfaras	escalfara	escalfáramos	escalfáreis	escalfaram
Future	escalfarei	escalfarás	escalfará	escalfaremos	escalfareis	escalfarão
Conditional	escalfaria	escalfarias	escalfaria	escalfaríamos	escalfaríeis	escalfariam
Subjunctive
Present	escalfe	escalfes	escalfe	escalfemos	escalfeis	escalfem
Imperfect	escalfasse	escalfasses	escalfasse	escalfássemos	escalfásseis	escalfassem
Future	escalfar	escalfares	escalfar	escalfarmos	escalfardes	escalfarem
Imperative
Affirmative		escalfa	escalfe	escalfemos	escalfai	escalfem
Negative (não)		não escalfes	não escalfe	não escalfemos	não escalfeis	não escalfem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “escalfar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “escalfar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “escalfar”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “escalfar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “escalfar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ

Proto-Indo-European *-s

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs

Proto-Italic *eks

Latin ex

Latin ex-

Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti

Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti

Proto-Italic *kalēō

Latin caleō

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti

Proto-Italic *θakjō

Proto-Italic *fakjō

Latin faciō

Latin calefaciō

Latin calfaciō

Classical Latin excalfaciō

Vulgar Latin *excalfō

Old Spanish escalfar

Spanish escalfar

Inherited from Old Spanish escalfar, from Vulgar Latin *excalfare, from Classical Latin excalfacere. Equivalent to es- +‎ calfar. Cognate with English chafe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eskalˈfaɾ/ [es.kalˈfaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: es‧cal‧far

Verb

escalfar (first-person singular present escalfo, first-person singular preterite escalfé, past participle escalfado)

1. (transitive) to poach (e.g. an egg)

   huevos escalfados ― poached eggs

Conjugation

    Conjugation of escalfar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			escalfar
gerund			escalfando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		escalfado		escalfada
		plural		escalfados		escalfadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	escalfo	escalfastú escalfásvos	escalfa	escalfamos	escalfáis	escalfan
	imperfect	escalfaba	escalfabas	escalfaba	escalfábamos	escalfabais	escalfaban
	preterite	escalfé	escalfaste	escalfó	escalfamos	escalfasteis	escalfaron
	future	escalfaré	escalfarás	escalfará	escalfaremos	escalfaréis	escalfarán
	conditional	escalfaría	escalfarías	escalfaría	escalfaríamos	escalfaríais	escalfarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	escalfe	escalfestú escalfésvos2	escalfe	escalfemos	escalféis	escalfen
	imperfect (ra)	escalfara	escalfaras	escalfara	escalfáramos	escalfarais	escalfaran
	imperfect (se)	escalfase	escalfases	escalfase	escalfásemos	escalfaseis	escalfasen
	future1	escalfare	escalfares	escalfare	escalfáremos	escalfareis	escalfaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		escalfatú escalfávos	escalfe	escalfemos	escalfad	escalfen
	negative		no escalfes	no escalfe	no escalfemos	no escalféis	no escalfen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of escalfar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive escalfar	dative	escalfarme	escalfarte	escalfarle, escalfarse	escalfarnos	escalfaros	escalfarles, escalfarse
	accusative	escalfarme	escalfarte	escalfarlo, escalfarla, escalfarse	escalfarnos	escalfaros	escalfarlos, escalfarlas, escalfarse
with gerund escalfando	dative	escalfándome	escalfándote	escalfándole, escalfándose	escalfándonos	escalfándoos	escalfándoles, escalfándose
	accusative	escalfándome	escalfándote	escalfándolo, escalfándola, escalfándose	escalfándonos	escalfándoos	escalfándolos, escalfándolas, escalfándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative escalfa	dative	escálfame	escálfate	escálfale	escálfanos	not used	escálfales
	accusative	escálfame	escálfate	escálfalo, escálfala	escálfanos	not used	escálfalos, escálfalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative escalfá	dative	escalfame	escalfate	escalfale	escalfanos	not used	escalfales
	accusative	escalfame	escalfate	escalfalo, escalfala	escalfanos	not used	escalfalos, escalfalas
with formal second-person singular imperative escalfe	dative	escálfeme	not used	escálfele, escálfese	escálfenos	not used	escálfeles
	accusative	escálfeme	not used	escálfelo, escálfela, escálfese	escálfenos	not used	escálfelos, escálfelas
with first-person plural imperative escalfemos	dative	not used	escalfémoste	escalfémosle	escalfémonos	escalfémoos	escalfémosles
	accusative	not used	escalfémoste	escalfémoslo, escalfémosla	escalfémonos	escalfémoos	escalfémoslos, escalfémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative escalfad	dative	escalfadme	not used	escalfadle	escalfadnos	escalfaos	escalfadles
	accusative	escalfadme	not used	escalfadlo, escalfadla	escalfadnos	escalfaos	escalfadlos, escalfadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative escalfen	dative	escálfenme	not used	escálfenle	escálfennos	not used	escálfenles, escálfense
	accusative	escálfenme	not used	escálfenlo, escálfenla	escálfennos	not used	escálfenlos, escálfenlas, escálfense

Derived terms

• huevo escalfado

Related terms

• caliente

Further reading

• “escalfar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025