ficus

See also: Ficus and -ficus

English

Ficus elastica

Etymology

Etymology tree

substrateder.

Latin fīcusbor.

English ficus

Borrowed from Latin fīcus (“fig”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfaɪkəs/
• Rhymes: -aɪkəs

Noun

ficus (plural ficuses)

1. (botany) Any plant belonging to the genus Ficus, including the rubber plant, of species Ficus elastica.

Derived terms

• ficus tussock moth

Translations

plant of the genus Ficus

• Catalan: ficus m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 榕屬 / 榕属 (zh) (róngshǔ), 榕属 (zh) (róngshǔ)

• Czech: fíkus m
• Finnish: fiikus (fi)
• French: ficus (fr) m
• German: Fikus m
• Hindi: अंजीर (hi) m (añjīr)
• Icelandic: fíkjutré n
• Italian: ficus (it) m
• Polish: figa (pl) f, figowiec (pl) m, fikus (pl) m
• Portuguese: fícus m
• Russian: фи́кус (ru) m (fíkus)
• Spanish: ficus (es) m
• Swedish: fikus (sv) c
• Ukrainian: фі́кус m (fíkus)
• Urdu: انجیر m (añjīr)

Anagrams

• Sufic

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fīcus (“fig”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfi.kʏs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ikʏs

Noun

ficus m (plural ficussen, diminutive ficusje n)

1. A fig; any plant belonging to the genus Ficus.

   Hyponyms: vijgenboom, wilde vijgenboom

Further reading

• ficus on the Dutch Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^nl

Latin

fīcī ― figs

Etymology

Possibly adapted into Pre-Latin in the form *þūko- or *þīko- and likely related to Ancient Greek σῦκον (sûkon) and Old Armenian թուզ (tʻuz) through a Mediterranean substrate form *tʲuk- or the like.

One possibility is a Semitic loanword. Compare Phoenician 𐤐𐤀𐤂 (pʾg, “half-ripe fig”), Hebrew פַּג (paḡ), פַּגָּה (paggâ, “unripe fig”), Classical Syriac ܦܵܓܵܐ (“unripe fig”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfiː.kʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfiː.kus]

Noun

fīcus m or f (genitive fīcī or fīcūs); variously declined, second declension, fourth declension

1. fig tree
2. fig (fruit)
3. hemorrhoids

Declension

Even among Classical grammarians, the gender (masculine or feminine) and declension (second or fourth) were debated.

Second-declension noun or fourth-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	fīcus	fīcī fīcūs
genitive	fīcī fīcūs	fīcōrum fīcuum
dative	fīcō fīcuī	fīcīs fīcibus
accusative	fīcum	fīcōs fīcūs
ablative	fīcō fīcū	fīcīs fīcibus
vocative	fīce fīcus	fīcī fīcūs

Derived terms

• caprifīcus
• fīcārius
• fīcātum
• fīcedula
• fīcētum
• fīcōsus
• fīculea

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: ficu, figu
• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: hic, hicu
  • Megleno-Romanian: ic
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Italian: fico, figo (northern)
  • Sicilian: ficu
  • Venetan: figo
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: fîc
  • Romansh: fig
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Emilian: fîg
  • Ligurian: fîgo
  • Piedmontese: fi
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: fic
  • Old French: fie
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: figo
  • Asturian: figu
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: figo
    • Galician: figo
    • Portuguese: figo
  • Old Spanish: figo
    • Ladino: igo / איגו, figo / פ׳יגו
    • Spanish: higo (see there for further descendants)
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fīca
  • Balkano-Romance:
    • Aromanian: hicã
    • Megleno-Romanian: ică
  • Italo-Dalmatian:
    • Corsican: fica
    • Dalmatian: faica, faika
    • Italian: fica, figa (northern)
    • Venetan: figa
      • ⇒ Hungarian: füge
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Piedmontese: fighé
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Old Occitan: figa
      • Occitan: figa
      • → Old French: figue (see there for further descendants)
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Aragonese: figa
  • → Old Norse: fíkja, fíka
    • Icelandic: fíkja
    • ⇒ Swedish: fikon
      • → Finnish: viikuna
• Borrowings:
  • → Albanian: fik
  • → Basque: piku
  • → Dutch: ficus
  • → English: ficus
  • → Romanian: ficus
  • → Spanish: ficus

Unsorted borrowings:

• → Breton: fiez, figez
• → Faroese: fika
• → Irish: fige
• → Lingala: figi
• → Lithuanian: figa
• → Manx: fig
• → Quechua: igu
• → Romanian: fig (archaic)
• → Slovene: figa
• → Tongan: fiki
• → Translingual: Ficus
• → Ukrainian: фіга (fiha)
• → West Frisian: fiich

Further reading

• “ficus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ficus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "ficus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “ficus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “ficus”, in Samuel Ball Platner (1929), Thomas Ashby, editor, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press

Romanian

Etymology

Etymology tree

substrateder.

Latin ficuslbor.

Romanian ficus

Learned borrowing from Latin ficus.

Noun

ficus m (plural ficuși)

1. ficus

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	ficus	ficusul	ficuși	ficușii
genitive-dative	ficus	ficusului	ficuși	ficușilor
vocative	ficusule		ficușilor

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfikus/ [ˈfi.kus]
• Rhymes: -ikus
• Syllabification: fi‧cus

Noun

ficus m (plural ficus)

1. ficus

Further reading

• “ficus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025