freo
Galician
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese frẽo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin frēnum. Cognate with Portuguese freio, Spanish freno and French frein.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]freo m (plural freos)
- brake
- bridle
- Synonym: brida
- 1455, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros, Vigo: Galaxia, page 316:
- Iten, que furtara a faqa a Pero Gayo da sua casa, que está á par da vila de Ribadauia, da casa que está á par da ponte, et que lla furtara con a sella e con o freo et que fora despois por ela preso ena Cruña
- Item, that he stole the mare of Pedro Gaio, from his house that is close to the town of Ribadavia, by the bridge; and that he stole her with saddle and bridle, and that later he was captured because of her in A Coruña
- bit of the bridle
- strait, passage
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “freo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “freo”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “freo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “freo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “freo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Irish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Cois Fharraige) IPA(key): /fˠɾˠoːbˠ/ (corresponding to the variant freob)
Pronoun
[edit]freo (emphatic freosan)
References
[edit]- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath [Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], § 306
Old English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *friu, a byform of *frī. The transmission of this word was complex. The Proto-Germanic form must have been *frijwaz. After loss of final *-az and syllabification of *-w, the resulting West-Germanic form was *friju, which developed further to *frīju after gemination and vocalization of *j between *i and another *j. The sequence *iju, *īju then contracts to *iu, yielding a final form *friu (cf. Proto-West Germanic *friund, from *frijōndz), which develops normally to Old English frīo, frēo. The oblique forms should however have retained *-j- in all instances in which it was not followed by *u, yielding an alternation between frīo and frīġ- throughout the paradigm. This alternation, though sparsely attested in the Old English corpus, was too irregular to have been maintained for long and was eventually levelled away in all dialects in favor either of the diphthongal nominative or the oblique forms in -ġ-. Note also that *w was deleted between *īj and any front vowel, thus explaining its absence in certain oblique forms such as frīġes, from earlier /ˈfriːj.wæs/. See Hogg 1992 sections 3.17, 3.19(3), 4.7, and 4.9(1) for details.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]frēo
- free, at liberty; exempt
- c. 890, Alfred the Great, Laws
- Beo he freo
- he shall be free.
- c. 890, Alfred the Great, Laws
- (poetic) noble, glad
- c. 700 Cædmon, Metrical Paraphrase
- Ða wearþ worn afeded freora bearna
- then a number of noble children were brought forth.
- c. 700 Cædmon, Metrical Paraphrase
Declension
[edit]- The stem frēo- contracted with any endings beginning with a vowel, leaving many forms being simply frēo: King Alfred, Pastoral Care (transl. of Gregory the Great): Ac forðæm ðe hi her syngiað, & hit him no ne hreowð, hi gehrinð her sumu wracu ær ðæm ecum witum ðæt hi ne sien freo ne orsorge on ðæm anbide ðæs maran wites.—note that orsorge (orsorh) has the ending -e, as compared to frēo.
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | frēo | frēo | frēo |
Accusative | frēone | frēo | frēo |
Genitive | frēos | frēore | frēos |
Dative | frēom, frēoum | frēore | frēom, frēoum |
Instrumental | frēo | frēore | frēo |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | frēo | frēo | frēo |
Accusative | frēo | frēo | frēo |
Genitive | frēora | frēora | frēora |
Dative | frēom, frēoum | frēom, frēoum | frēom, frēoum |
Instrumental | frēom, frēoum | frēom, frēoum | frēom, frēoum |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Noun
[edit]frēo m
- a free man, man
Declension
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Uncertain; possible etymologies include:
- From Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā, from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ, a feminine form of *frawjô (“lord”) (Old English frēa), from Proto-Indo-European *proHwo-, a derivation from *per- (“to go forward”). Cognate with Old Saxon frūa, Old High German frouwa (German Frau), Old Norse freyja. The Indo-European root is also the source of Proto-Slavic *prāvъ (Old Church Slavonic правъ (pravŭ), Russian пра́вый (právyj, “right”)), and the first element of Latin provincia.
- From Proto-Germanic *frijō, of the same root as etymology 1 above and related to the verb that yielded Old English frēoġan (“to liberate; to love”).
Noun
[edit]frēo f (Northumbrian)
- a woman
Related terms
[edit]- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician masculine nouns
- Galician terms with quotations
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish non-lemma forms
- Irish prepositional pronouns
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preyH-
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English adjectives
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English poetic terms
- Old English nouns
- Old English masculine nouns
- Old English masculine n-stem nouns
- Old English terms with unknown etymologies
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old English feminine nouns
- Northumbrian Old English
- Anglian Old English
- ang:Female people