kaivata
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Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *kaibait'ak (compare Estonian kaebama, Karelian kaivata, Livonian kaibõ, Võro kaibama), possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kawjaną, which is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry out”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]kaivata (transitive, usually atelic)
- to long for, yearn for, pine for, miss
- Synonym: ikävöidä
- Kaipaan sinua.
- I miss you.
- Hän kaipasi yksinkertaista elämää.
- He yearned for a simple life.
- to want, wish, desire
- Synonym: haluta
- to ask for, look for, ask after
- Synonym: kysyä
- to need, lack, miss, require
- Synonym: tarvita
- No tätähän tässä kaivattiinkin!
- Great, just what we needed! (sarcastic)
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of kaivata (Kotus type 73*E/salata, p-v gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaipaan | en kaipaa | 1st sing. | olen kaivannut | en ole kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaipaat | et kaipaa | 2nd sing. | olet kaivannut | et ole kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaipaa | ei kaipaa | 3rd sing. | on kaivannut | ei ole kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaipaamme | emme kaipaa | 1st plur. | olemme kaivanneet | emme ole kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaipaatte | ette kaipaa | 2nd plur. | olette kaivanneet | ette ole kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaipaavat | eivät kaipaa | 3rd plur. | ovat kaivanneet | eivät ole kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivataan | ei kaivata | passive | on kaivattu | ei ole kaivattu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaipasin | en kaivannut | 1st sing. | olin kaivannut | en ollut kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaipasit | et kaivannut | 2nd sing. | olit kaivannut | et ollut kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaipasi | ei kaivannut | 3rd sing. | oli kaivannut | ei ollut kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaipasimme | emme kaivanneet | 1st plur. | olimme kaivanneet | emme olleet kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaipasitte | ette kaivanneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kaivanneet | ette olleet kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaipasivat | eivät kaivanneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kaivanneet | eivät olleet kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivattiin | ei kaivattu | passive | oli kaivattu | ei ollut kaivattu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaipaisin | en kaipaisi | 1st sing. | olisin kaivannut | en olisi kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaipaisit | et kaipaisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kaivannut | et olisi kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaipaisi | ei kaipaisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kaivannut | ei olisi kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaipaisimme | emme kaipaisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kaivanneet | emme olisi kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaipaisitte | ette kaipaisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kaivanneet | ette olisi kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaipaisivat | eivät kaipaisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kaivanneet | eivät olisi kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivattaisiin | ei kaivattaisi | passive | olisi kaivattu | ei olisi kaivattu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaipaa | älä kaipaa | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaivatkoon | älköön kaivatko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kaivannut | älköön olko kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaivatkaamme | älkäämme kaivatko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaivatkaa | älkää kaivatko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaivatkoot | älkööt kaivatko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kaivanneet | älkööt olko kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivattakoon | älköön kaivattako | passive | olkoon kaivattu | älköön olko kaivattu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaivannen | en kaivanne | 1st sing. | lienen kaivannut | en liene kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaivannet | et kaivanne | 2nd sing. | lienet kaivannut | et liene kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaivannee | ei kaivanne | 3rd sing. | lienee kaivannut | ei liene kaivannut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaivannemme | emme kaivanne | 1st plur. | lienemme kaivanneet | emme liene kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaivannette | ette kaivanne | 2nd plur. | lienette kaivanneet | ette liene kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaivannevat | eivät kaivanne | 3rd plur. | lienevät kaivanneet | eivät liene kaivanneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaivattaneen | ei kaivattane | passive | lienee kaivattu | ei liene kaivattu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kaivata | present | kaipaava | kaivattava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | kaivannut | kaivattu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kaivatessa | kaivattaessa | agent4 | kaipaama | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kaipaamaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kaivaten | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kaipaamassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kaipaamasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kaipaamaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kaipaamalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kaipaamatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kaipaaman | kaivattaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | kaipaaminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
[edit]nouns
verbs
Further reading
[edit]- “kaivata”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *kaibait'ak. Cognates include Finnish kaivata and Estonian kaebada.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑi̯ʋɑtɑ/, [ˈkɑi̯ʋət]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑi̯ʋɑtɑ/, [ˈkɑi̯ʋɑd̥ɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑi̯ʋɑt, -ɑi̯ʋɑtɑ
- Hyphenation: kai‧va‧ta
Verb
[edit]kaivata
- (intransitive) to complain
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of kaivata (type 16/maata, p-v gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kaipaan | en kaipaa | 1st singular | oon kaivant, oon kaivannut | en oo kaivant, en oo kaivannut |
2nd singular | kaipaat | et kaipaa | 2nd singular | oot kaivant, oot kaivannut | et oo kaivant, et oo kaivannut |
3rd singular | kaipajaa | ei kaipaa | 3rd singular | ono kaivant, ono kaivannut | ei oo kaivant, ei oo kaivannut |
1st plural | kaipaamma | emmä kaipaa | 1st plural | oomma kaivanneet | emmä oo kaivanneet |
2nd plural | kaipaatta | että kaipaa | 2nd plural | ootta kaivanneet | että oo kaivanneet |
3rd plural | kaipajaat1), kaipaavat2), kaivataa | evät kaipaa, ei kaivata | 3rd plural | ovat kaivanneet | evät oo kaivanneet, ei oo kaivattu |
impersonal | kaivataa | ei kaivata | impersonal | ono kaivattu | ei oo kaivattu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kaipaisin | en kaivant, en kaivannut | 1st singular | olin kaivant, olin kaivannut | en olt kaivant, en olt kaivannut |
2nd singular | kaipaisit, kaipaist1) | et kaivant, et kaivannut | 2nd singular | olit kaivant, olit kaivannut | et olt kaivant, et olt kaivannut |
3rd singular | kaipais | ei kaivant, ei kaivannut | 3rd singular | oli kaivant, oli kaivannut | ei olt kaivant, ei olt kaivannut |
1st plural | kaipaisimma | emmä kaivanneet | 1st plural | olimma kaivanneet | emmä olleet kaivanneet |
2nd plural | kaipaisitta | että kaivanneet | 2nd plural | olitta kaivanneet | että olleet kaivanneet |
3rd plural | kaipaisiit1), kaipaisivat2), kaivattii | evät kaivanneet, ei kaivattu | 3rd plural | olivat kaivanneet | evät olleet kaivanneet, ei olt kaivattu |
impersonal | kaivattii | ei kaivattu | impersonal | oli kaivattu | ei olt kaivattu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kaipajaisin | en kaipajais | 1st singular | olisin kaivant, olisin kaivannut | en olis kaivant, en olis kaivannut |
2nd singular | kaipajaisit, kaipajaist1) | et kaipajais | 2nd singular | olisit kaivant, olisit kaivannut | et olis kaivant, et olis kaivannut |
3rd singular | kaipajais | ei kaipajais | 3rd singular | olis kaivant, olis kaivannut | ei olis kaivant, ei olis kaivannut |
1st plural | kaipajaisimma | emmä kaipajais | 1st plural | olisimma kaivanneet | emmä olis kaivanneet |
2nd plural | kaipajaisitta | että kaipajais | 2nd plural | olisitta kaivanneet | että olis kaivanneet |
3rd plural | kaipajaisiit1), kaipajaisivat2), kaivattais | evät kaipajais, ei kaivattais | 3rd plural | olisivat kaivanneet | evät olis kaivanneet, ei olis kaivattu |
impersonal | kaivattais | ei kaivattais | impersonal | olis kaivattu | ei olis kaivattu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | kaipaa | elä kaipaa | 2nd singular | oo kaivant, oo kaivannut | elä oo kaivant, elä oo kaivannut |
3rd singular | kaivatkoo | elköö kaivatko | 3rd singular | olkoo kaivant, olkoo kaivannut | elköö olko kaivant, elköö olko kaivannut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | kaivatkaa | elkää kaivatko | 2nd plural | olkaa kaivanneet | elkää olko kaivanneet |
3rd plural | kaivatkoot | elkööt kaivatko, elköö kaivattako | 3rd plural | olkoot kaivanneet | elkööt olko kaivanneet, elköö olko kaivattu |
impersonal | kaivattakkoo | elköö kaivattako | impersonal | olkoo kaivattu | elköö olko kaivattu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | kaivannen | en kaivanne | |||
2nd singular | kaivannet | et kaivanne | |||
3rd singular | kaivannoo | ei kaivanne | |||
1st plural | kaivannemma | emmä kaivanne | |||
2nd plural | kaivannetta | että kaivanne | |||
3rd plural | kaivannoot | evät kaivanne, ei kaivattane | |||
impersonal | kaivattannoo | ei kaivattane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kaivata | present | kaipaava | kaivattava | |
2nd | inessive | kaivatees | past | kaivant, kaivannut | kaivattu |
instructive | kaivaten | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kaivatkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | kaipaamaa | |||
inessive | kaipaamaas | ||||
elative | kaipaamast | ||||
abessive | kaipaamata | ||||
4th | nominative | kaipaamiin | |||
partitive | kaipaamista, kaipaamist |
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 124
Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
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