kolera

See also: kólera and kolerà

Basque

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cólera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /koleɾa/ [ko.le.ɾa]
• Rhymes: -eɾa, -a
• Hyphenation: ko‧le‧ra

Noun

kolera inan

1. anger, rage

   Synonym: amorru

2. (pathology) cholera

Declension

Declension of kolera (inan a-stem)

	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	kolera	kolera	kolerak	kolerok
ergative	kolerak	kolerak	kolerek	kolerok
dative	kolerari	kolerari	kolerei	koleroi
genitive	koleraren	koleraren	koleren	koleron
comitative	kolerarekin	kolerarekin	kolerekin	kolerokin
causative	kolerarengatik	kolerarengatik	kolerengatik	kolerongatik
benefactive	kolerarentzat	kolerarentzat	kolerentzat	kolerontzat
instrumental	koleraz	koleraz	kolerez	kolerotaz
inessive	koleratan	koleran	koleretan	kolerotan
locative	koleratako	kolerako	koleretako	kolerotako
allative	koleratara	kolerara	koleretara	kolerotara
terminative	kolerataraino	koleraraino	koleretaraino	kolerotaraino
directive	koleratarantz	kolerarantz	koleretarantz	kolerotarantz
destinative	koleratarako	kolerarako	koleretarako	kolerotarako
ablative	koleratatik	koleratik	koleretatik	kolerotatik
partitive	kolerarik	—	—	—
prolative	koleratzat	—	—	—

Derived terms

• koleran (“raging”)
• koleratsu (“raging”)
• koleratu (“to enrage”)

Further reading

• “kolera”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “kolera”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Cebuano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cólera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoleɾa/ [ˈko.l̪e.ɾ̪ɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ko‧le‧ra

Noun

kólerá (Badlit spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜇ)

1. (pathology) cholera

Verb

kólerá (Badlit spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜇ)

1. to have cholera

Danish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra).

Noun

kolera c (singular definite koleraen, not used in plural form)

1. (pathology) cholera

Declension

Declension of kolera

common gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	kolera	koleraen
genitive	koleras	koleraens

References

• “kolera” in Den Danske Ordbog

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Esperanto kolero

Proto-Italic *-jezi

▲

Latin -ereinflu.

Latin -īre

French -irbor.?

▲

Latin -īre

Spanish -irbor.?

Proto-Indo-European *-yétider.

Latin -īre

Old Galician-Portuguese -ir

Portuguese -irbor.?

▲

Latin -ire

Italian -irebor.?

▲

Latin -iō

Romanian -ibor.?

Esperanto -i

Esperanto koleri

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂

Proto-Italic *-ā

Latin -ader.

▲

Latin -a

Italian -ader.

▲

Latin -a

Old Spanish -a

Spanish -ader.

Esperanto -a

Esperanto kolera

From koleri + -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /koˈlera/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -era
• Syllabification: ko‧le‧ra

Adjective

kolera (accusative singular koleran, plural koleraj, accusative plural kolerajn)

1. angry

Further reading

• “kolera”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “kolera”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Finnish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkolerɑ/, [ˈko̞le̞rɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -olerɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ko‧le‧ra
• Hyphenation^(key): ko‧le‧ra

Noun

kolera

1. (pathology) cholera

Declension

Inflection of kolera (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		kolera	kolerat
genitive		koleran	koleroiden koleroitten
partitive		koleraa	koleroita
illative		koleraan	koleroihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kolera	kolerat
accusative	nom.	kolera	kolerat
	gen.	koleran
genitive		koleran	koleroiden koleroitten kolerain rare
partitive		koleraa	koleroita
inessive		kolerassa	koleroissa
elative		kolerasta	koleroista
illative		koleraan	koleroihin
adessive		koleralla	koleroilla
ablative		koleralta	koleroilta
allative		koleralle	koleroille
essive		kolerana	koleroina
translative		koleraksi	koleroiksi
abessive		koleratta	koleroitta
instructive		—	koleroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kolera (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kolerani kolerani accusative nom. kolerani kolerani gen. kolerani genitive kolerani koleroideni koleroitteni koleraini rare partitive koleraani koleroitani inessive kolerassani koleroissani elative kolerastani koleroistani illative koleraani koleroihini adessive kolerallani koleroillani ablative koleraltani koleroiltani allative koleralleni koleroilleni essive koleranani koleroinani translative kolerakseni koleroikseni abessive kolerattani koleroittani instructive — — comitative — koleroineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kolerasi kolerasi accusative nom. kolerasi kolerasi gen. kolerasi genitive kolerasi koleroidesi koleroittesi koleraisi rare partitive koleraasi koleroitasi inessive kolerassasi koleroissasi elative kolerastasi koleroistasi illative koleraasi koleroihisi adessive kolerallasi koleroillasi ablative koleraltasi koleroiltasi allative kolerallesi koleroillesi essive koleranasi koleroinasi translative koleraksesi koleroiksesi abessive kolerattasi koleroittasi instructive — — comitative — koleroinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative koleramme koleramme accusative nom. koleramme koleramme gen. koleramme genitive koleramme koleroidemme koleroittemme koleraimme rare partitive koleraamme koleroitamme inessive kolerassamme koleroissamme elative kolerastamme koleroistamme illative koleraamme koleroihimme adessive kolerallamme koleroillamme ablative koleraltamme koleroiltamme allative kolerallemme koleroillemme essive koleranamme koleroinamme translative koleraksemme koleroiksemme abessive kolerattamme koleroittamme instructive — — comitative — koleroinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative koleranne koleranne accusative nom. koleranne koleranne gen. koleranne genitive koleranne koleroidenne koleroittenne kolerainne rare partitive koleraanne koleroitanne inessive kolerassanne koleroissanne elative kolerastanne koleroistanne illative koleraanne koleroihinne adessive kolerallanne koleroillanne ablative koleraltanne koleroiltanne allative kolerallenne koleroillenne essive kolerananne koleroinanne translative koleraksenne koleroiksenne abessive kolerattanne koleroittanne instructive — — comitative — koleroinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative koleransa koleransa accusative nom. koleransa koleransa gen. koleransa genitive koleransa koleroidensa koleroittensa kolerainsa rare partitive koleraansa koleroitaan koleroitansa inessive kolerassaan kolerassansa koleroissaan koleroissansa elative kolerastaan kolerastansa koleroistaan koleroistansa illative koleraansa koleroihinsa adessive kolerallaan kolerallansa koleroillaan koleroillansa ablative koleraltaan koleraltansa koleroiltaan koleroiltansa allative koleralleen kolerallensa koleroilleen koleroillensa essive koleranaan koleranansa koleroinaan koleroinansa translative kolerakseen koleraksensa koleroikseen koleroiksensa abessive kolerattaan kolerattansa koleroittaan koleroittansa instructive — — comitative — koleroineen koleroinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• kanakolera
• kolerabakteeri
• lintukolera

Further reading

• “kolera”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• Rekola

Hiligaynon

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cólera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkoleɾa/ [ˈko.le.ɾa]
• Hyphenation: ko‧le‧ra

Noun

kólerá

1. (pathology) cholera

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkolɛrɒ]
• Hyphenation: ko‧le‧ra
• Rhymes: -rɒ

Noun

kolera (plural kolerák)

1. (pathology) cholera (an infectious disease of humans and domestic animals)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	kolera	kolerák
accusative	kolerát	kolerákat
dative	kolerának	koleráknak
instrumental	kolerával	kolerákkal
causal-final	koleráért	kolerákért
translative	kolerává	kolerákká
terminative	koleráig	kolerákig
essive-formal	koleraként	kolerákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	kolerában	kolerákban
superessive	kolerán	kolerákon
adessive	koleránál	koleráknál
illative	kolerába	kolerákba
sublative	kolerára	kolerákra
allative	kolerához	kolerákhoz
elative	kolerából	kolerákból
delative	koleráról	kolerákról
ablative	kolerától	koleráktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	koleráé	koleráké
non-attributive possessive – plural	koleráéi	kolerákéi

Possessive forms of kolera

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	kolerám	koleráim
2nd person sing.	kolerád	koleráid
3rd person sing.	kolerája	kolerái
1st person plural	koleránk	koleráink
2nd person plural	kolerátok	koleráitok
3rd person plural	kolerájuk	koleráik

Derived terms

• kolerás

Compound words

• kolerabacilus
• kolerabeteg
• kolerajárvány

Further reading

• kolera in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra, “cholera”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /koˈlɛra/ [koˈlɛ.ra]
• Rhymes: -ɛra
• Syllabification: ko‧le‧ra

Noun

kolèra (plural kolera-kolera)

1. (pathology) cholera

Alternative forms

• koléra (Standard Malay)

Derived terms

• kolera eltor

Further reading

• “kolera”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Maltese

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρᾰ (kholéră).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔˈlɛː.ra/
• Rhymes: -ɛːra

Noun

kolera f

1. (pathology) cholera

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

Noun

kolera m (definite singular koleraen, uncountable)

1. cholera (infectious disease)

References

• “kolera” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

Noun

kolera m (definite singular koleraen, uncountable)

1. cholera (infectious disease)

References

• “kolera” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin cholera. First attested in the 15th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /kɔlʲɛra/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /kɔlʲɛra/

Noun

kolera f

1. (hapax legomenon) choleric temperament
   • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎^[2], page 157:

     Takie to przyrodzenie, ktoreż sie znamienuje kolera, nigdy go nie uczyniła gniewliwem (nunquam eum colera fecit iracundum)

     [Takie to przyrodzienie, ktoreż sie znamienuje kolera, nigdy go nie uczyniła gniewliwem (nunquam eum colera fecit iracundum)]

Declension

Declension of kolera

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	kolera	—	—
genitive	—	—	—
dative	—	—	—
accusative	—	—	—
instrumental	—	—	—
locative	—	—	—
vocative	—	—	—

Descendants

• Polish: cholera, holera (Middle Polish), chalera (Łowicz, Łaźniki), kolera (Western Kraków, Pisarzowice, Podhale, Żarnówka, Skawa, Zagórze), kolora (Podhale)
• Silesian: cholera

References

• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “cholera 1-5”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “kolera”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• K. Nitsch, editor (1955), “(cholera) kolera”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 245
• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “(cholera) kolera”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, et al., editors (2024), “(cholera) kolera”, in Baza Leksykalna Średniowiecznej Polszczyzny [Lexical Base of Medieval Polish] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Polish

Pronunciation

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /kɔˈlɛ.ra/
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Western Kraków) IPA^(key): [kɔˈlɛ.ra]
  • (Goral):
    • (Podhale) IPA^(key): [ˈkɔ.lɛ.ra]
    • (Zagórze) IPA^(key): (north) [kɔˈlɛ.ra], (south) [ˈkɔ.lɛ.ra]

Noun

kolera f

1. (Western Kraków, Pisarzowice, Podhale, Żarnówka, Skawa, Zagórze) alternative form of cholera (“cholera”)
2. (Middle Polish) alternative form of cholera (“bile”)
3. (Middle Polish) alternative form of cholera (“anger”)

Interjection

kolera

1. (Zagórze) alternative form of cholera (“damn it”)

Further reading

• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “kolera, cholera”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Wiesław Morawski (15.01.2026), “KOLERA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Jan Karłowicz (1900), “cholera”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 1: A do E, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 197
• Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “cholera”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎^[3] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 16

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kǒlera/
• Hyphenation: ko‧le‧ra

Noun

kòlera f (Cyrillic spelling ко̀лера)

1. (uncountable) cholera

Declension

Declension of kolera

	singular
nominative	kolera
genitive	kolere
dative	koleri
accusative	koleru
vocative	kolero
locative	koleri
instrumental	kolerom

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From cholera? semantically weird”)

Noun

kolera

1. madhouse

Swedish

Noun

kolera c

1. cholera (infectious disease)

Declension

Declension of kolera

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kolera	koleras
	definite	koleran	kolerans
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

See also

• välja mellan pest och kolera / (ett) val mellan pest och kolera

References

• “kolera”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “kolera”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “kolera”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• arkeol., kolare

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cólera, from Latin cholera, from Ancient Greek χολέρα (kholéra), from χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈkoleɾa/ [ˌk̠oː.lɛˈɾa]
• Rhymes: -oleɾa
• Syllabification: ko‧le‧ra

Noun

kólerá (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜎᜒᜇ)

1. cholera
   • 1972, The Journal of History:

     Kung panahon ng kolera, ang mga tao'y naniniwalang may manglalasong gumagala sa gabi upang lagyan ng lason ang inumin; hindi nila nalalamang ang nasabing inumin ay marumi at maraming mikrobiyo ng kolera.

     During time of cholera outbreaks, people believe there are people who roam at night to poison water supplies; they do not know the water they drink is contaminated with cholera bacteria.

Further reading

• “kolera”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English cholera.

Noun

kolera

1. cholear
   • 1995, Konrad Radomyski, Anonymous, Circumlocution in Tok Pisin‎^[4]:

     Sik kolera i save pinisim olgeta wara long skin bilong man.

     Cholera completely dehydrates a person.

Yakan

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cólera.

Noun

kolera

1. cholera