praemunio

Latin

Alternative forms

• praemoeniō, præmœniō (Archaic Latin)

Etymology

From prae- (“before; in front”) +‎ mūniō (“to wall, defend with a wall, fortify, strengthen”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /prae̯ˈmuː.ni.oː/, [präe̯ˈmuːnioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /preˈmu.ni.o/, [preˈmuːnio]

Verb

praemūniō (present infinitive praemūnīre, perfect active praemūnīvī, supine praemūnītum); fourth conjugation

1. to fortify in front; defend in advance
2. to safeguard, protect, secure
3. (figurative, rhetoric) to condition the minds of an audience before a speech (as an orator), to reinforce one's rhetorical fortifications, guard against counterargument, strengthen one's argument
4. (figurative, law) to prepare one's legal defense (as a lawyer), to anticipate objections and formulate strong rebuttals to argue that would bolster one's side of the case

Usage notes

• In Medieval Latin, this word was confused with (and used with the meaning of) praemoneō (“forewarn”), as in the writ of praemunire facias.

Conjugation

Conjugation of praemūniō (fourth conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	praemūniō	praemūnīs	praemūnit	praemūnīmus	praemūnītis	praemūniunt
	imperfect	praemūniēbam	praemūniēbās	praemūniēbat	praemūniēbāmus	praemūniēbātis	praemūniēbant
	future	praemūniam	praemūniēs	praemūniet	praemūniēmus	praemūniētis	praemūnient
	perfect	praemūnīvī	praemūnīvistī	praemūnīvit	praemūnīvimus	praemūnīvistis	praemūnīvērunt, praemūnīvēre
	pluperfect	praemūnīveram	praemūnīverās	praemūnīverat	praemūnīverāmus	praemūnīverātis	praemūnīverant
	future perfect	praemūnīverō	praemūnīveris	praemūnīverit	praemūnīverimus	praemūnīveritis	praemūnīverint
passive	present	praemūnior	praemūnīris, praemūnīre	praemūnītur	praemūnīmur	praemūnīminī	praemūniuntur
	imperfect	praemūniēbar	praemūniēbāris, praemūniēbāre	praemūniēbātur	praemūniēbāmur	praemūniēbāminī	praemūniēbantur
	future	praemūniar	praemūniēris, praemūniēre	praemūniētur	praemūniēmur	praemūniēminī	praemūnientur
	perfect	praemūnītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	praemūnītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	praemūnītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	praemūniam	praemūniās	praemūniat	praemūniāmus	praemūniātis	praemūniant
	imperfect	praemūnīrem	praemūnīrēs	praemūnīret	praemūnīrēmus	praemūnīrētis	praemūnīrent
	perfect	praemūnīverim	praemūnīverīs	praemūnīverit	praemūnīverīmus	praemūnīverītis	praemūnīverint
	pluperfect	praemūnīvissem	praemūnīvissēs	praemūnīvisset	praemūnīvissēmus	praemūnīvissētis	praemūnīvissent
passive	present	praemūniar	praemūniāris, praemūniāre	praemūniātur	praemūniāmur	praemūniāminī	praemūniantur
	imperfect	praemūnīrer	praemūnīrēris, praemūnīrēre	praemūnīrētur	praemūnīrēmur	praemūnīrēminī	praemūnīrentur
	perfect	praemūnītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	praemūnītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	praemūnī	—	—	praemūnīte	—
	future	—	praemūnītō	praemūnītō	—	praemūnītōte	praemūniuntō
passive	present	—	praemūnīre	—	—	praemūnīminī	—
	future	—	praemūnītor	praemūnītor	—	—	praemūniuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		praemūnīre	praemūnīvisse	praemūnītūrum esse	praemūnīrī	praemūnītum esse	praemūnītum īrī
participles		praemūniēns	—	praemūnītūrus	—	praemūnītus	praemūniendus, praemūniundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		praemūniendī	praemūniendō	praemūniendum	praemūniendō	praemūnītum	praemūnītū

Derived terms

• praemūnitiō

Descendants

• English: praemunire
• French: prémunir
• Italian: premunire

Further reading

• “praemunio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “praemunio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• praemunio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1222.
• praemunio in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, columns 1862-1863