sākt
Latvian
Etymology
The origin of this word is unclear. It may come from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *ḱek-, *kek-, *sḱek-, *skek- (“to jump”) (whence also Russian скакать (skakatʹ, “to hop, to leap”)), from which, via ablaut, *kāk- > (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Baltic *šak- > Latvian sākt. Others suggest a different (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European stem *kā-, *kō- as the source, different from that of Russian скакать (skakatʹ). The original meaning was probably “to jump,” from which “to rush, to go quickly (to do something)” > “to start, to begin.” Cognates include Lithuanian šókti (“to jump, to dance; to rush (to do something)”).[1]
Pronunciation
Audio: | (file) |
Verb
sākt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present sāku, sāc, sāk, past sāku)
- to begin, to start (to carry out the first steps, stages of an action)
- sākt celtniecību, sēju, pētījumu ― to begin the construction, the sowing, the research
- sākt sarunu ― to start a conversation
- sākt stastīt ― to start telling
- sākt strādāt, runāt, iet ― to start working, talking, going
- sākt vēstuli, gleznu ― to start a letter, a painting
- to begin, to start (to participate in the first stage or phase (of work, study, etc.)
- sākt jauno mācību gadu ― to start the new school year
- lauku mājas sāka dienu ― the farmhouses started the (work) day
- sākt darba mūžu ― to start (one's) work life
- to begin, to start (to use the first part, component(s) of something)
- sākt jaunu cigarešu paciņu ― to start a new pack of cigarettes
- sākt pēdējo maizes klaipu ― to start the last loaf of bread
- to begin, to start (to show the first signs of (something); to do for the first time(s))
- sākt smieties ― to start laughing
- bērns sācis baidīties no suņiem ― the child began to be afraid of dogs
- sāku dusmoties uz Ilželes māti ― I began to be angry at Ilžele's mother
- to begin, to start (to become noticeable for the first time, to show the first signs of (something))
- sāk krēslot ― it began to get dark
- uguns sāk degt ― the fire began to burn
- sniegs sāka kust ― the snow began to melt
Conjugation
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | sāku | sāku | sākšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | sāc | sāki | sāksi | sāc |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | sāk | sāka | sāks | lai sāk |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | sākam | sākām | sāksim | sāksim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | sākat | sākāt | sāksiet, sāksit |
sāciet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | sāk | sāka | sāks | lai sāk |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | sākot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | sākošs | ||
Past | esot sācis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | sākdams | ||
Future | sākšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | sākot | ||
Imperative | lai sākot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | sākam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | sācis | |||
Present | sāktu | Present Passive | sākams | ||
Past | būtu sācis | Past Passive | sākts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jāsāk | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | sākt | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jāsāk | Negative Infinitive | nesākt | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jāsākot | Verbal noun | sākšana |
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “sākt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian terms with audio links
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian unchanging first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -gt or -kt