scando

See also: Scando-

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump up, ascend”), via Proto-Italic *skandō, either from:

earlier *skendō, with regular development of *e to *a after velars, from Proto-Indo-European *skénd-e-ti;^[1]
earlier *skn̥dō, with regular development of *skn̥d- > *skand- in a preconsonantal position, secondary thematic present to aorist *skénd-t ~ *skn̥d-ént;^[2]
or Proto-Indo-European *skₔnd-é-ti with schwa secundum, secondary thematic present to aorist *skénd-t ~ *skₔnd-ént.^[3]

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈskan.doː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈskan.do]

Verb

scandō (present infinitive scandere, perfect active scandī, supine scānsum); third conjugation

(ambitransitive) to climb, ascend, mount
(transitive) Synonyms: levō, ēlevō, allevō, ērigō, excellō, tollō, ēvehō, efferō, surgō, ēdō

(transitive) Antonyms: dēiciō, abiciō
(ambitransitive) to clamber
(intransitive) Synonyms: ascendō, escendō, cōnscendō, īnscendō, succēdō, ēnītor, superscandō, suprascandō, subeō, ērēpō

(intransitive) Antonyms: dēscendō, dēcurrō
(Late Latin, transitive) to scan (poetry by its feet)

Conjugation

Conjugation of scandō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	scandō	scandis		scandit	scandimus	scanditis		scandunt
	imperfect	scandēbam	scandēbās		scandēbat	scandēbāmus	scandēbātis		scandēbant
	future	scandam	scandēs		scandet	scandēmus	scandētis		scandent
	perfect	scandī	scandistī		scandit	scandimus	scandistis		scandērunt, scandēre
	pluperfect	scanderam	scanderās		scanderat	scanderāmus	scanderātis		scanderant
	future perfect	scanderō	scanderis		scanderit	scanderimus	scanderitis		scanderint
passive	present	scandor	scanderis, scandere		scanditur	scandimur	scandiminī		scanduntur
	imperfect	scandēbar	scandēbāris, scandēbāre		scandēbātur	scandēbāmur	scandēbāminī		scandēbantur
	future	scandar	scandēris, scandēre		scandētur	scandēmur	scandēminī		scandentur
	perfect	scānsus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	scānsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	scānsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	scandam	scandās		scandat	scandāmus	scandātis		scandant
	imperfect	scanderem	scanderēs		scanderet	scanderēmus	scanderētis		scanderent
	perfect	scanderim	scanderīs		scanderit	scanderīmus	scanderītis		scanderint
	pluperfect	scandissem	scandissēs		scandisset	scandissēmus	scandissētis		scandissent
passive	present	scandar	scandāris, scandāre		scandātur	scandāmur	scandāminī		scandantur
	imperfect	scanderer	scanderēris, scanderēre		scanderētur	scanderēmur	scanderēminī		scanderentur
	perfect	scānsus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	scānsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	scande		—	—	scandite		—
active	future	—	scanditō		scanditō	—	scanditōte		scanduntō
passive	present	—	scandere		—	—	scandiminī		—
passive	future	—	scanditor		scanditor	—	—		scanduntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		scandere		scandī		scandēns		—
future		scānsūrum esse		scānsum īrī		scānsūrus		scandendus, scandundus
perfect		scandisse		scānsum esse		—		scānsus
future perfect		—		scānsum fore		—		—
perfect potential		scānsūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		scandendī	scandendō		scandendum	scandendō	scānsum		scānsū

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Catalan: escandir
→ English: scale
→ Middle English: scanden, scande, scanne
- English: scan
- Middle Scots: scand
  - Scots: scan (possibly reborrowed from English)
⇒ Esperanto: skandi
→ French: scander
→ German: skandieren
- → Serbo-Croatian: skandirati
Italian: scandire
Old French: escandir
Portuguese: escandir
Spanish: escandir
→ Swedish: skandera
- → Finnish: skandeerata

References

^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 426, 431-432
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “scandō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 542-3
^ Lipp, Reiner (2009), Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 48