steven

See also: Steven and števen

§English

§Alternative forms

• steaven, stevven, stevvon
• steavyn, stevin (15th-16th centuries)
• stewyn, stewyne, stewin, stevyne (Scotland)

§Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstiːvən/

§Etymology 1

From Middle English steven (“voice, command, constitution”), from Old English stefn, stemn (“voice”), from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō (“voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *stomen- (“mouth, muzzle”). Cognate with Old Frisian stifne, stemme (“voice”), Old Saxon stemna (“voice”) (Dutch stem), Old High German stimma, stimna (“voice”) (German Stimme), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰 (stibna, “voice”), Ancient Greek στόμα (stóma, “mouth”). See also stevvon.

§Noun

steven (plural stevens)

1. (UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) The voice, now especially when loud or strong.
   • 1485, Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XXI, chapter xij:

     Soo wythin syx wekye after syr Launcelot fyl seek and laye in his bedde & thenne he sente for the bysshop that there was heremyte and al his trewe felowes / Than Syr Launcelot sayd wyth drery steuen / syr bysshop I praye you gyue to me al my ryghtes that longeth to a chrysten man

   • a1801, Richard Gall, Poems & Songs (1819) 93:

     Then could her Sangsters loud their steven raise.

   • 1865, William Stott Banks, List Provinc. Words Wakefield:

     Thah's a rare stevven, lad.

   • a1886, Eric Mackay, Love Lett. Violinist (1895) 197:

     He […] lifted up his steven To keep the bulwarks of his faith secure.

2. (obsolete) Speech, language.
3. Voice; cry; that which is uttered; petition; prayer.
   • a1500 (1460), Towneley Plays (1994) I.ii.17:

     God that shope both erth and heuen, I pray to the thou here my steven.

   • 1589, Thomas Lodge, Scillaes Metamorphosis E 2:

     Father of light […] Bring to effect this my desired steauen.

4. A word, command, bidding or direction given.
   • 1597, Thomas Middleton, Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xviii. xiv–xvi. sig. Y3v:

     And brought thy precept? as a burning steauen, Reaching from heauen to earth, from earth to heauen.

5. A promise, one's word.
6. An outcry, shout, or loud call; a clamour/clamor, noise; din.
   • 1826, James Hogg, Queen Hynde vi, in Poems (1865) 262:

     All nature roar'd in one dire steven; Heaven cried to earth, and earth to heaven.

7. A sound, the sound of a horn; melody, tune; song; sound made by an animal or a bird.
   • The Golden Asse

     […] whereby the little birds weening that the spring time had bin come, did chirp and sing in their steven melodiously

§Translations

The voice, now especially when loud or strong

• Russian: голос (ru) (golos)

(obsolete) Speech, language

• Russian: язы́к (ru) (jazýk)

That which is uttered; a prayer

• Russian: молитва (ru) (molitva)

A word, command, bidding or direction given

• Russian: приказ (ru) (prikaz)

A promise, one's word

• Russian: слово (ru) (slovo), обещание (ru) (obeščanije)

An outcry, shout, or loud call; a clamour/clamor, noise

• Russian: шум (ru) (šum), крик (ru) (krik)

A sound, the sound of a horn; melody, tune; song; sound made by an animal or a bird

• Russian: мелодия (ru) (melodija)

§Verb

steven (third-person singular simple present stevens, present participle stevening, simple past and past participle stevened)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To speak; utter; describe; tell of; name.
2. (transitive, obsolete) To voice an opinion; vote.
3. (transitive, archaic) To vouch; speak up (for).
4. (transitive, dialectal) To bespeak.
5. (intransitive, dialectal) To talk; call out; shout; make a noise.

§Translations

To speak; utter; describe; tell of; name

• Russian: говорить (ru) (govoritʹ)

To voice an opinion; vote

• Russian: голосовать (ru) (golosovatʹ)

To vouch; speak up (for)

To bespeak

To talk; call out; shout; make a noise

• Russian: шуметь (ru) (šumetʹ)

§Related terms

• stevvon

§Etymology 2

From Middle English steven (“appointment”), from Old English stefn (“a time, turn, tour of duty”), from Proto-Germanic *stabnijaz, *stabnijô (“fixed time”), from Proto-Indo-European *stebh- (“a stake, post; to support, stamp, insist, become angry”). Cognate with Middle Low German stevene (“a court appointment”), Old Norse stefna (“appointment, meeting”). More at staff.

§Noun

steven (plural stevens)

1. (obsolete) A time, occasion.
   • 1788, Samuel Johnson, George Steevens, The dramatick writings of Will. Shakspere, with the Notes of all the various Commentators:

     I should choose to read "at this dull season," rather than this dull steven, [...]— John Monck Mason.

2. (obsolete) A set time; a date or appointment.
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VIII:

     And that same nyght that the steavyn was sette betwyxte Segwarydes wyff and Sir Trystrames, so Kynge Marke armed and made hym redy [...].

§Verb

steven (third-person singular simple present stevens, present participle stevening, simple past and past participle stevened)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To call; summon; command; appoint.
2. (intransitive, obsolete) To alternate; take turns.

§Derived terms

• to set steven
• unset steven

§See also

• even steven

§Anagrams

• events

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§Dutch

Wikipedia ^nl

§Etymology

From Middle Dutch stēvene.

§Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ste‧ven

§Noun

steven m (plural stevens)

1. the part of a ship's deck that stretches along the entire length of the keel including the bow and the stern

§Derived terms

• voorsteven
• achtersteven
• ramsteven

§Anagrams

• tevens

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§Middle English

§Etymology 1

From Old English stefn, stemn (“voice, sound”). More at steven.

§Alternative forms

• stevin, steiven, stephene, steavene, steme, stemne

§Noun

steven (plural stevens)

1. The voice of a human being; a voice.
2. A vocal sound.
3. sound; tonal pattern.
4. Manner of speaking.

§Etymology 2

From Old English stefn (“appointed time”).

§Alternative forms

• stemne
• stevene

§Noun

steven

1. time, set time, appointment
   • c. 1385, Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Knight's Tale’, Canterbury Tales:

     It is ful fair a man to bere hym euene, / For al day meeten men at vnset steuene.

2. period of time, occasion
   • 1398, John Trevisa, trans. Bartholomaeus, De Proprietatibus Rerum:
   • Suche stenche is continual and comeþ nouȝt by stemnes.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

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§Scots

§Alternative forms

• stevin
• stewyn

§Etymology

From Middle English stewin, from Old English stefn (“voice”), from Proto-Germanic *stebnō, *stamnijō (“voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *stomen- (“mouth, muzzle”). Cognates: see above, steven.

§Noun

steven (plural stevens)

1. voice
2. a loud outcry