stratum

English

chalk strata (2)

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin strātum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”), neuter singular of strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”).

(deprecated template usage)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɹɑːtəm/
• IPA^(key): /ˈstɹeɪtəm/

Noun

stratum (plural stratums or strata)

1. One of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another.

   Synonym: tier

   • 1884, Alfred Ronald Conkling, Appleton's Guide to Mexico, page 43:

     It is built of alternate strata of brick and clay, and the sides correspond to the direction of the meridians and parallels.

2. (geology) A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout.

   Synonyms: bed, layer

   Coordinate term: seam

3. Any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers.
4. (biology) A layer of tissue.
5. A class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status.
6. (ecology) A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height.
7. (computing) The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network.
   • 2006, Roderick W. Smith, Linux Samba Server Administration:

     Computers that synchronize themselves to the stratum 1 time servers are known as stratum 2 time servers if they allow others to synchronize to them, and so on.

Related terms

• stratification
• stratify
• stratosphere

Translations

one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another

• Bashkir: ҡатлам (qatlam)
• Finnish: kerros (fi)
• French: couche (fr) f
• Galician: estrato m
• Greek: στρώμα (el) (stróma)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Ido: strato (io)
• Japanese: 層 (ja) (そう, sō)
• Portuguese: estrato (pt) m
• Russian: слой (ru) m (sloj)
• Swedish: skikt (sv) n, stratum (sv) n (scientific, pl. strata), varv (sv) n (seldom used; noun to vb. varva: "to layer", "to alternate")

layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout

• Bashkir: ҡатлам (qatlam)
• Catalan: estrat (ca) m
• Finnish: maakerros, kerrostuma (fi)
• French: strate (fr) f
• Galician: estrato m
• German: Bank (de) f
• Greek: στρώμα (el) n (stróma)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Icelandic: jarðlag (is) n
• Ido: strato (io)
• Japanese: 地層 (ja) (ちそう, chisō)
• Portuguese: estrato (pt) m
• Russian: слой (ru) m (sloj)
• Spanish: estrato (es) m

any of the regions of the atmosphere

• Bashkir: ҡатлам (qatlam)
• French: couche (fr) f
• Galician: estrato m
• Greek: στρώμα (el) n (stróma)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: 層 (ja) (そう, sō)
• Russian: слой (ru) m (sloj)
• Spanish: capa (es) f

layer of tissue

• Bashkir: ҡатлам (qatlam)
• Catalan: estrat (ca) m
• Finnish: ihokerros
• French: couche (fr) f, stratum (fr) m
• Galician: estrato m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Greek: στρώμα (el) n (stróma)
• Japanese: 層 (ja) (そう, sō)
• Russian: слой (ru) m (sloj)
• Spanish: estrato (es) m

class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status

• Bashkir: ҡатлам (qatlam)
• Catalan: estrat (ca) m
• Finnish: yhteiskuntaluokka (fi), kansankerros
• French: classe (fr) f, couche (fr) f
• Galician: estrato m
• Greek: στρώμα (el) n (stróma)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: 階級 (ja) (かいきゅう, kaikyū)
• Portuguese: estrato (pt) m
• Russian: слой (ru) m (sloj)
• Spanish: estrato (es) m
• Swedish: samhällsskikt (sv) n, klass (sv) c
• Tagalog: saray

layer of vegetation

• Catalan: estrat (ca) m
• Galician: estrato m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Greek: στρώμα (el) n (stróma)
• Swedish: skikt (sv) n (used as a suffix, -skikt, to a determinative noun, e.g. fältskikt, trädskikt), vegetationsskikt n, växtskikt n

Further reading

• stratum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “stratum”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “stratum”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

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Latin

Etymology

From strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈstraː.tum/, [ˈs̠t̪räːt̪ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈstra.tum/, [ˈst̪räːt̪um]

Noun

strātum n (genitive strātī); second declension

1. a bed-covering, coverlet, quilt, blanket
2. a pillow, bolster
3. a bed, couch
4. a horse-blanket, saddle-cloth
5. a pavement

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	strātum	strāta
Genitive	strātī	strātōrum
Dative	strātō	strātīs
Accusative	strātum	strāta
Ablative	strātō	strātīs
Vocative	strātum	strāta

Descendants

• Catalan: estrat
• English: stratum
• French: estrade
• Friulian: strât
• Galician: estrado

• Italian: strato
• Occitan: estrat
• Portuguese: estrado
• Romanian: strat
• Spanish: estrado

Verb

(deprecated template usage) strātum

1. accusative supine of sternō

References

• “stratum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “stratum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• stratum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• stratum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) a street, a made road: via strata
    
  • (ambiguous) to prostrate oneself before a person: ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre)
    
  • (ambiguous) all have perished by the sword: omnia strata sunt ferro