um-
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle English um-, umbe-, embe-, from Old English ymb-, ymbe- (“around”), from Proto-Germanic *umbi-, from Proto-Germanic *umbi (“around, about, by, near”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi (“round about, around”). Cognate with Dutch om- (“around”), German um- (“around”), Latin amb- (“around, about”), Latin ambi- (“both”), Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “around, about”), Sanskrit अभि (abhi, “against, about”). More at umbe.
Prefix
um-
Derived terms
Anagrams
Faroese
Etymology
From the preposition um.
Prefix
um-
Derived terms
German
Pronunciation
Prefix
Template:de-pref (separable or inseparable)
- round, round about
- repeatedly, over again, re-
- in another way
- to the ground, down, over
Usage notes
When this prefix is separable, the stress falls on the prefix: ˈumbiegen, ˈumbilden, ˈumdeuten, ˈumbenennen. When inseparable, the stress falls on the root: umˈflattern, umˈfluten, umˈgaukeln, umˈmauern, umˈgeben. The prefix is only unstressed/inseperable when referring to the first meaning. Sometimes this creates contrasting words with opposite meaning, only distinguished in stress and therefore undistinguishable in writing, e.g. umˈfahren (“drive around something”), ˈumfahren (“drive something over”).
Derived terms
- umarbeiten
- umarmen
- umbiegen
- umbilden
- umbringen
- umdeuten
- umdrehen
- umfahren
- umfärben
- umfassen
- umfluten
- umgarnen
- umgeben
- umgehen
- umgrenzen
- umgürten
- umkämpfen
- umladen
- umlagern
- umlegen
- ummanteln
- ummauern
- umnieten
- umpacken
- umpolen
- umpusten
- umrennen
- umsatteln
- umschalten
- umschiffen
- umschlagen
- umschließen
- umschlingen
- umsetzen
- umspinnen
- umsteigen
- umstellen
- umstoßen
- umstürzen
- umtrampeln
- umtreten
- umtüten
- umverteilen
- umwandeln
- umwerfen
- umwickeln
- umwinden
- umzäunen
- umziehen
- umzingeln
Northern Ndebele
Etymology 1
Prefix
um-
- Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 2
Prefix
um-
- Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Southern Ndebele
Etymology 1
Prefix
um-
- Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 2
Prefix
um-
- Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Swazi
Etymology 1
Prefix
um-
- Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 2
Prefix
um-
- Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Tagalog
Etymology
From Proto-Austronesian *-um-
Prefix
um-
- actor trigger: to do something
- Kumain ako.
- I ate. (I is focused.)
- Kumain ako.
- no trigger: expresses natural phenomena
- Umulan kanina.
- It rained a while ago. (Nothing is focused.)
- Umulan kanina.
- actor trigger: to become or get
- Parang pumayat si Gloria.
- It looks like Gloria got thinner. (Gloria is focused.)
- Parang pumayat si Gloria.
- actor trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
- Kumakain-kain ako pag wala akong magagawa.
- I eat a little bit when I have nothing to do. (I is focused.)
- Kumakain-kain ako pag wala akong magagawa.
Usage notes
- The affix mag- is usually used for verbs which involve an exterior object, whereas um- is used for verbs which don't.
- Nagtanong ako sa guro. = I asked the teacher.
- Umalis na ako. = I already left.
- Mag- is also used for deliberate actions, while um- can be used for involuntary actions.
- Lumalaki ang bata. = The child grew.
- Some words can also change meaning if either one of them is used.
- Root word: alis = to go
- mag-alis = to remove
- umalis = to leave
- Root word: sakay = riding
- magsakay = to load
- sumakay = to ride
- Root word: alis = to go
See also
Xhosa
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni *úmu-, from Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.
Prefix
um-
- Class 1 noun prefix.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni *úmu-, from Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.
Prefix
um-
- Class 3 noun prefix.
Zulu
Etymology 1
Prefix
um-
- Class 1 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
Etymology 2
Prefix
um-
- Class 3 noun prefix; form of umu- used before stems of more than one syllable.
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “um-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “um-”
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English dialectal terms
- Scottish English
- English unproductive prefixes
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese prefixes
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele prefixes
- Northern Ndebele noun prefixes
- Southern Ndebele lemmas
- Southern Ndebele prefixes
- Southern Ndebele noun prefixes
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi prefixes
- Swazi noun prefixes
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prefixes
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Nguni
- Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Nguni
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa prefixes
- Xhosa noun prefixes
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu prefixes
- Zulu noun prefixes