среда

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic срѣда (srěda), from Proto-Slavic *serda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [srɛˈda]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

среда́ • (sredá) f (relational adjective сре́ден)

1. middle, mean

   зла́тна среда́ ― zlátna sredá ― golden mean, happy medium

2. (figurative) environment, surroundings
3. (figurative) circle (group of like-minded people)
4. (computing) ware

Declension

Declension of среда́

	singular	plural
indefinite	среда́ sredá	среди́ sredí
definite	среда́та sredáta	среди́те sredíte

Alternative forms

• сря́да (srjáda, “Wednesday”)

Derived terms

• сред (sred, adverb)
  • всред (vsred)
  • насред (nasred)
  • посред (posred)
• сред- (sred-) (as a first element in compounds)
  • средно́щ (srednóšt, “midnight”)
  • средото́чие (sredotóčie, “focus”)

Related terms

• средина́ (srediná)
• сре́дище (srédište)

References

• “среда”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “среда”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “среда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 412
• “срѣда”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024

Anagrams

• адрес (adres)

Komi-Zyrian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsreda/, [ˈsredä]
• Hyphenation: сре‧да

Noun

среда • (sreda)

1. Alternative form of середа (śereda)

Declension

Declension of среда (stem: среда-)
		singular	plural
nominative		среда (sreda)	средаяс (sredajas)
accusative	I*	среда (sreda)	средаяс (sredajas)
	II*	средаӧс (sredaös)	средаясӧс (sredajasös)
instrumental		средаӧн (sredaön)	средаясӧн (sredajasön)
comitative		средакӧд (sredaköd)	средаяскӧд (sredajasköd)
caritive		средатӧг (sredatög)	средаястӧг (sredajastög)
consecutive		средала (sredala)	средаясла (sredajasla)
genitive		средалӧн (sredalön)	средаяслӧн (sredajaslön)
ablative		средалысь (sredalyś)	средаяслысь (sredajaslyś)
dative		средалы (sredaly)	средаяслы (sredajasly)
inessive		средаын (sredayn)	средаясын (sredajasyn)
elative		средаысь (sredayś)	средаясысь (sredajasyś)
illative		средаӧ (sredaö)	средаясӧ (sredajasö)
egressive		средасянь (sredaśań)	средаяссянь (sredajasśań)
approximative		средалань (sredalań)	средаяслань (sredajaslań)
terminative		средаӧдз (sredaödź)	средаясӧдз (sredajasödź)
prolative	I	средаӧд (sredaöd)	средаясӧд (sredajasöd)
	II	средаті (sredati)	средаясті (sredajasti)
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of среда
First person singular singular plural nominative средаӧй (sredaöj) средаясӧй (sredajasöj) accusative I* средаӧй (sredaöj) средаясӧй (sredajasöj) II* средаӧс (sredaös) средаясӧс (sredajasös) instrumental среданам (sredanam) средаяснам (sredajasnam) comitative средаӧйкӧд (sredaöjköd) средаясӧйкӧд (sredajasöjköd) caritive средатӧгым (sredatögym) средаястӧгым (sredajastögym) consecutive средаӧйла (sredaöjla) средаясӧйла (sredajasöjla) genitive средаӧйлӧн (sredaöjlön) средаясӧйлӧн (sredajasöjlön) ablative средаӧйлысь (sredaöjlyś) средаясӧйлысь (sredajasöjlyś) dative средаӧйлы (sredaöjly) средаясӧйлы (sredajasöjly) inessive средаам (sredaam) средаясам (sredajasam) elative средасьым (sredaśym) средаяссьым (sredajasśym) illative средаам (sredaam) средаясам (sredajasam) egressive средасяньым (sredaśańym) средаяссяньым (sredajasśańym) approximative средаланьым (sredalańym) средаясланьым (sredajaslańym) terminative средаӧдзым (sredaödźym) средаясӧдзым (sredajasödźym) prolative I средаӧдым (sredaödym) средаясӧдым (sredajasödym) II средатіым (sredatiym) средаястіым (sredajastiym) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
Second person singular singular plural nominative средаыд (sredayd) средаясыд (sredajasyd) accusative I* средаыд (sredayd) средаясыд (sredajasyd) II* средатӧ (sredatö) средаястӧ (sredajastö) instrumental среданад (sredanad) средаяснад (sredajasnad) comitative средаыдкӧд (sredaydköd) средаясыдкӧд (sredajasydköd) caritive средатӧгыд (sredatögyd) средаястӧгыд (sredajastögyd) consecutive средаыдла (sredaydla) средаясыдла (sredajasydla) genitive средаыдлӧн (sredaydlön) средаясыдлӧн (sredajasydlön) ablative средаыдлысь (sredaydlyś) средаясыдлысь (sredajasydlyś) dative средаыдлы (sredaydly) средаясыдлы (sredajasydly) inessive средаад (sredaad) средаясад (sredajasad) elative средасьыд (sredaśyd) средаяссьыд (sredajasśyd) illative средаад (sredaad) средаясад (sredajasad) egressive средасяньыд (sredaśańyd) средаяссяньыд (sredajasśańyd) approximative средаланьыд (sredalańyd) средаясланьыд (sredajaslańyd) terminative средаӧдзыд (sredaödźyd) средаясӧдзыд (sredajasödźyd) prolative I средаӧдыд (sredaödyd) средаясӧдыд (sredajasödyd) II средатіыд (sredatiyd) средаястіыд (sredajastiyd) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
Third person singular singular plural nominative средаыс (sredays) средаясыс (sredajasys) accusative I* средаыс (sredays) средаясыс (sredajasys) II* средасӧ (sredasö) средаяссӧ (sredajassö) instrumental среданас (sredanas) средаяснас (sredajasnas) comitative средаыскӧд (sredaysköd) средаясыскӧд (sredajasysköd) caritive средатӧгыс (sredatögys) средаястӧгыс (sredajastögys) consecutive средаысла (sredaysla) средаясысла (sredajasysla) genitive средаыслӧн (sredayslön) средаясыслӧн (sredajasyslön) ablative средаыслысь (sredayslyś) средаясыслысь (sredajasyslyś) dative средаыслы (sredaysly) средаясыслы (sredajasysly) inessive средаас (sredaas) средаясас (sredajasas) elative средасьыс (sredaśys) средаяссьыс (sredajasśys) illative средаас (sredaas) средаясас (sredajasas) egressive средасяньыс (sredaśańys) средаяссяньыс (sredajasśańys) approximative средаланьыс (sredalańys) средаясланьыс (sredajaslańys) terminative средаӧдзыс (sredaödźys) средаясӧдзыс (sredajasödźys) prolative I средаӧдыс (sredaödys) средаясӧдыс (sredajasödys) II средатіыс (sredatiys) средаястіыс (sredajastiys) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
First person plural singular plural nominative среданым (sredanym) средаясным (sredajasnym) accusative I* среданым (sredanym) средаясным (sredajasnym) II* среданымӧ (sredanymö) средаяснымӧ (sredajasnymö) instrumental средананым (sredananym) средаяснаным (sredajasnanym) comitative среданымкӧд (sredanymköd) средаяснымкӧд (sredajasnymköd) caritive средатӧгным (sredatögnym) средаястӧгным (sredajastögnym) consecutive среданымла (sredanymla) средаяснымла (sredajasnymla) genitive среданымлӧн (sredanymlön) средаяснымлӧн (sredajasnymlön) ablative среданымлысь (sredanymlyś) средаяснымлысь (sredajasnymlyś) dative среданымлы (sredanymly) средаяснымлы (sredajasnymly) inessive средааным (sredaanym) средаясаным (sredajasanym) elative средасьыным (sredaśynym) средаяссьыным (sredajasśynym) illative средааным (sredaanym) средаясаным (sredajasanym) egressive средасяньным (sredaśańnym) средаяссяньным (sredajasśańnym) approximative средаланьным (sredalańnym) средаясланьным (sredajaslańnym) terminative средаӧдзным (sredaödźnym) средаясӧдзным (sredajasödźnym) prolative I средаӧдным (sredaödnym) средаясӧдным (sredajasödnym) II средатіным (sredatinym) средаястіным (sredajastinym) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
Second person plural singular plural nominative среданыд (sredanyd) средаясныд (sredajasnyd) accusative I* среданыд (sredanyd) средаясныд (sredajasnyd) II* среданытӧ (sredanytö) средаяснытӧ (sredajasnytö) instrumental средананыд (sredananyd) средаяснаныд (sredajasnanyd) comitative среданыдкӧд (sredanydköd) средаясныдкӧд (sredajasnydköd) caritive средатӧгныд (sredatögnyd) средаястӧгныд (sredajastögnyd) consecutive среданыдла (sredanydla) средаясныдла (sredajasnydla) genitive среданыдлӧн (sredanydlön) средаясныдлӧн (sredajasnydlön) ablative среданыдлысь (sredanydlyś) средаясныдлысь (sredajasnydlyś) dative среданыдлы (sredanydly) средаясныдлы (sredajasnydly) inessive средааныд (sredaanyd) средаясаныд (sredajasanyd) elative средасьыныд (sredaśynyd) средаяссьыныд (sredajasśynyd) illative средааныд (sredaanyd) средаясаныд (sredajasanyd) egressive средасяньныд (sredaśańnyd) средаяссяньныд (sredajasśańnyd) approximative средаланьныд (sredalańnyd) средаясланьныд (sredajaslańnyd) terminative средаӧдзныд (sredaödźnyd) средаясӧдзныд (sredajasödźnyd) prolative I средаӧдныд (sredaödnyd) средаясӧдныд (sredajasödnyd) II средатіныд (sredatinyd) средаястіныд (sredajastinyd) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
Third person plural singular plural nominative среданыс (sredanys) средаясныс (sredajasnys) accusative I* среданыс (sredanys) средаясныс (sredajasnys) II* среданысӧ (sredanysö) средаяснысӧ (sredajasnysö) instrumental средананыс (sredananys) средаяснаныс (sredajasnanys) comitative среданымкӧс (sredanymkös) средаяснымкӧс (sredajasnymkös) caritive средатӧгныс (sredatögnys) средаястӧгныс (sredajastögnys) consecutive среданысла (sredanysla) средаяснысла (sredajasnysla) genitive среданыслӧн (sredanyslön) средаясныслӧн (sredajasnyslön) ablative среданыслысь (sredanyslyś) средаясныслысь (sredajasnyslyś) dative среданыслы (sredanysly) средаясныслы (sredajasnysly) inessive средааныс (sredaanys) средаясаныс (sredajasanys) elative средасьыныс (sredaśynys) средаяссьыныс (sredajasśynys) illative средааныс (sredaanys) средаясаныс (sredajasanys) egressive средасяньныс (sredaśańnys) средаяссяньныс (sredajasśańnys) approximative средаланьныс (sredalańnys) средаясланьныс (sredajaslańnys) terminative средаӧдзныс (sredaödźnys) средаясӧдзныс (sredajasödźnys) prolative I средаӧдныс (sredaödnys) средаясӧдныс (sredajasödnys) II средатіныс (sredatinys) средаястіныс (sredajastinys) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

References

• A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 180

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *serda. Morphologically from среда (sreda), from средина (sredina, “middle”), meaning middle of the week.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsrɛda]

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: сре‧да

Noun

сре́да • (sréda) f (plural сре́ди)

1. Wednesday

   Во сре́да. ― Vo sréda. ― On Wednesday.

Declension

Declension of среда

	singular	plural
indefinite	среда	среди
definite unspecified	средата	средите
definite proximal	средава	средиве
definite distal	средана	средине
vocative	средо	среди

See also

• (days of the week) де́нови на седми́цата (dénovi na sedmícata); поне́делник (ponédelnik), вто́рник (vtórnik), сре́да (sréda), че́тврток (čétvrtok), пе́ток (pétok), са́бота (sábota), не́дела (nédela) ^{(Category: mk:Days of the week)}

References

• “среда” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Russian

Alternative forms

• срѣда́ (srědá) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [srʲɪˈda]

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic срѣда (srěda), from Proto-Slavic *serda. Displaced native Old East Slavic середа (sereda, “middle; Wednesday”) (cf. середа́ (seredá)), третииникъ (tretiinikŭ, “Wednesday”, literally “third (day)”).

Noun

среда́ • (sredá) f inan (genitive среды́, nominative plural сре́ды, genitive plural сред)

1. Wednesday

   в сре́ду ― v srédu ― on Wednesday

   по среда́м ― po sredám ― on Wednesdays

   к среде́ ― k sredé ― by Wednesday

   со среды́ ― so sredý ― from Wednesday

   со среды́ до пя́тницы ― so sredý do pjátnicy ― from Wednesday to Friday

   в сле́дующую сре́ду ― v slédujuščuju srédu ― next Wednesday

Declension

Declension of среда́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-fʹ/dʹ) 

	singular	plural
nominative	среда́ sredá	сре́ды srédy
genitive	среды́ sredý	сре́д sréd
dative	среде́ sredé	среда́м, сре́дам* sredám, srédam*
accusative	сре́ду srédu	сре́ды srédy
instrumental	средо́й, средо́ю sredój, sredóju	среда́ми, сре́дами* sredámi, srédami*
prepositional	среде́ sredé	среда́х, сре́дах* sredáx, srédax*

^* Proscribed.

Descendants

• → Ingrian: sereta
• → Kildin Sami: ся̄рэдт (s’āredt)
• → Komi-Zyrian: середа (śereda), среда (sreda)
• → Skolt Sami: seärad
• → Tundra Nenets: среда (sryeda)
• → Yakut: сэрэдэ (serede)

See also

• (days of the week) дни неде́ли (dni nedéli); понеде́льник (ponedélʹnik), вто́рник (vtórnik), среда́ (sredá), четве́рг (četvérg), пя́тница (pjátnica), суббо́та (subbóta), воскресе́нье (voskresénʹje) ^{(Category: ru:Days of the week)}

Etymology 2

Same as Etymology 1

Noun

среда́ • (sredá) f inan (genitive среды́, nominative plural сре́ды, genitive plural сред)

1. environment, surroundings, sphere
2. midst
3. medium

Declension

Declension of среда́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	среда́ sredá	сре́ды srédy
genitive	среды́ sredý	сре́д sréd
dative	среде́ sredé	сре́дам srédam
accusative	среду́ sredú	сре́ды srédy
instrumental	средо́й, средо́ю sredój, sredóju	сре́дами srédami
prepositional	среде́ sredé	сре́дах srédax

See also

• сре́дний (srédnij)
• среди́ (sredí)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “среда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• срије́да (Ijekavian)

Etymology

From earlier srěda, from Proto-Slavic *serda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /srěːda/
• Hyphenation: сре‧да

Noun

сре́да f (Latin spelling sréda)

1. Wednesday
2. (expressively) middle, mean, midst

Declension

Declension of среда

	singular	plural
nominative	среда	среде
genitive	среде	среда
dative	среди	средама
accusative	среду	среде
vocative	средо	среде
locative	среди	средама
instrumental	средом	средама

Tundra Nenets

Days of the week

Previous:	вторник (wtornyik°)
Next:	четверг (ćyetwyerg°)

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian среда (sreda).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [srʲedʌ]
• Hyphenation: сре‧да

Noun

среда • (sryeda)

1. Wednesday

Declension

Declension of среда (sryeda) (regular)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	среда (sryeda)	средахӑʼ (sryedaxăh)	средаˮ (sryedaq)
genitive	средаʼ (sryedah)	средахӑʼ (sryedaxăh)	средиˮ (sryedyiq)
accusative	средам (sryedam°)	средахӑʼ (sryedaxăh)	среди (sryedyi)
allative	средан (sryedan°)	средахӑняʼ (sryedaxănyah)	средахӑˮ (sryedaxăq)
locative	средахӑна (sryedaxăna)	средахӑняна (sryedaxănyana)	средахӑˮна (sryedaxăqna)
ablative	средахӑд (sryedaxăd°)	средахӑняд (sryedaxănyad°)	средахӑт (sryedaxăt°)
prolative	средавна (sryedawna)	средахӑнямна (sryedaxănyamna)	средиˮмӑна (sryedyiqmăna)

References

• Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) “среда”, in Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз
• N. M. Tereschenko (1965) “среда”, in Ненецко-русский словарь, Moscow: Советская Энциклопедия