عشق

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Arabic[edit]

Root
ع ش ق (ʕ-š-q)

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

عِشْق • (ʕišq) m

  1. verbal noun of عَشِقَ (ʕašiqa) (form I)
  2. liking with desire(lust), being in love; romantic love (particularly when very strong)
    عِشْقِي لَكِ كَالْوَرْدِ فِي حَدِيقَةِ قَلْبِي، يَنْمُو بِجَمَالٍ وَرَائِحَةٍ تَمْلَأ كُلِّ الزَّوَايَا.
    ʕišqī laki kālwardi fī ḥadīqati qalbī, yanmū bijamālin warāʔiḥatin tamlaʔ kulli z-zawāyā.
    My love for you is like a rose in the garden of my heart, it grows with beauty and a fragrance that fills every corner.
    • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي, volume 2:
      لِعَيْنَيْكِ مَا يَلْقَى ٱلْفُؤَادُ وَمَا لَقِي / وَلِلْحُبِّ مَا لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنِّي وَمَا بَقِي / وَمَا كُنْتُ مِِمَّنْ يَدْخُلُ ٱلْعِشْقُ قَلْبَهُ / وَلَٰكِنَّ مَنْ يُبْصِرْ جُفُونَكِ يَعْشَقِ
      liʕaynayki mā yalqā l-fuʔādu wamā laqī / walilḥubbi mā lam yabqa minnī wamā baqī / wamā kuntu miimman yadḵulu l-ʕišqu qalbahu / walākinna man yubṣir jufūnaki yaʕšaqi
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. passion
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun عِشْق (ʕišq)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عِشْق
ʕišq 		الْعِشْق
al-ʕišq 		عِشْق
ʕišq
Nominative عِشْقٌ
ʕišqun 		الْعِشْقُ
al-ʕišqu 		عِشْقُ
ʕišqu
Accusative عِشْقًا
ʕišqan 		الْعِشْقَ
al-ʕišqa 		عِشْقَ
ʕišqa
Genitive عِشْقٍ
ʕišqin 		الْعِشْقِ
al-ʕišqi 		عِشْقِ
ʕišqi
Descendants[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Verb[edit]

عَشِقَ • (ʕašiqa) I, non-past يَعْشَقُ‎ (yaʕšaqu)

  1. to fall in love; to love excessively; to adore
    • 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi, ديوان أبي الطيب المتنبي, volume 2:
      لِعَيْنَيْكِ مَا يَلْقَى ٱلْفُؤَادُ وَمَا لَقِي / وَلِلْحُبِّ مَا لَمْ يَبْقَ مِنِّي وَمَا بَقِي / وَمَا كُنْتُ مِِمَّنْ يَدْخُلُ ٱلْعِشْقُ قَلْبَهُ / وَلَٰكِنَّ مَنْ يُبْصِرْ جُفُونَكِ يَعْشَقِ
      liʕaynayki mā yalqā l-fuʔādu wamā laqī / walilḥubbi mā lam yabqa minnī wamā baqī / wamā kuntu miimman yadḵulu l-ʕišqu qalbahu / walākinna man yubṣir jufūnaki yaʕšaqi
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
عَشِقَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun عِشْق)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
عِشْق

ʕišq
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ʕāšiq
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maʕšūq
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕašiqtu
ʕašiqta
عَشِقَ

ʕašiqa
ʕašiqtumā
ʕašiqā
ʕašiqnā
ʕašiqtum
ʕašiqū
f
ʕašiqti
ʕašiqat
ʕašiqatā
ʕašiqtunna
ʕašiqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaʕšaqu
taʕšaqu
yaʕšaqu
taʕšaqāni
yaʕšaqāni
naʕšaqu
taʕšaqūna
yaʕšaqūna
f
taʕšaqīna
taʕšaqu
taʕšaqāni
taʕšaqna
yaʕšaqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaʕšaqa
taʕšaqa
yaʕšaqa
taʕšaqā
yaʕšaqā
naʕšaqa
taʕšaqū
yaʕšaqū
f
taʕšaqī
taʕšaqa
taʕšaqā
taʕšaqna
yaʕšaqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaʕšaq
taʕšaq
yaʕšaq
taʕšaqā
yaʕšaqā
naʕšaq
taʕšaqū
yaʕšaqū
f
taʕšaqī
taʕšaq
taʕšaqā
taʕšaqna
yaʕšaqna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
iʕšaq
iʕšaqā
iʕšaqū
f
iʕšaqī
iʕšaqna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕušiqtu
ʕušiqta
عُشِقَ

ʕušiqa
ʕušiqtumā
ʕušiqā
ʕušiqnā
ʕušiqtum
ʕušiqū
f
ʕušiqti
ʕušiqat
ʕušiqatā
ʕušiqtunna
ʕušiqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕšaqu
tuʕšaqu
yuʕšaqu
tuʕšaqāni
yuʕšaqāni
nuʕšaqu
tuʕšaqūna
yuʕšaqūna
f
tuʕšaqīna
tuʕšaqu
tuʕšaqāni
tuʕšaqna
yuʕšaqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕšaqa
tuʕšaqa
yuʕšaqa
tuʕšaqā
yuʕšaqā
nuʕšaqa
tuʕšaqū
yuʕšaqū
f
tuʕšaqī
tuʕšaqa
tuʕšaqā
tuʕšaqna
yuʕšaqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕšaq
tuʕšaq
yuʕšaq
tuʕšaqā
yuʕšaqā
nuʕšaq
tuʕšaqū
yuʕšaqū
f
tuʕšaqī
tuʕšaq
tuʕšaqā
tuʕšaqna
yuʕšaqna

Pronunciation 3[edit]

Verb[edit]

عَشَّقَ • (ʕaššaqa) II, non-past يُعَشِّقُ‎ (yuʕaššiqu)

  1. to join
  2. to connect
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
عَشَّقَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
taʕšīq
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
muʕaššiq
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
muʕaššaq
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕaššaqtu
ʕaššaqta
عَشَّقَ

ʕaššaqa
ʕaššaqtumā
ʕaššaqā
ʕaššaqnā
ʕaššaqtum
ʕaššaqū
f
ʕaššaqti
ʕaššaqat
ʕaššaqatā
ʕaššaqtunna
ʕaššaqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕaššiqu
tuʕaššiqu
yuʕaššiqu
tuʕaššiqāni
yuʕaššiqāni
nuʕaššiqu
tuʕaššiqūna
yuʕaššiqūna
f
tuʕaššiqīna
tuʕaššiqu
tuʕaššiqāni
tuʕaššiqna
yuʕaššiqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕaššiqa
tuʕaššiqa
yuʕaššiqa
tuʕaššiqā
yuʕaššiqā
nuʕaššiqa
tuʕaššiqū
yuʕaššiqū
f
tuʕaššiqī
tuʕaššiqa
tuʕaššiqā
tuʕaššiqna
yuʕaššiqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕaššiq
tuʕaššiq
yuʕaššiq
tuʕaššiqā
yuʕaššiqā
nuʕaššiq
tuʕaššiqū
yuʕaššiqū
f
tuʕaššiqī
tuʕaššiq
tuʕaššiqā
tuʕaššiqna
yuʕaššiqna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
عَشِّقْ

ʕaššiq
ʕaššiqā
ʕaššiqū
f
ʕaššiqī
ʕaššiqna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕuššiqtu
ʕuššiqta
عُشِّقَ

ʕuššiqa
ʕuššiqtumā
ʕuššiqā
ʕuššiqnā
ʕuššiqtum
ʕuššiqū
f
ʕuššiqti
ʕuššiqat
ʕuššiqatā
ʕuššiqtunna
ʕuššiqna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕaššaqu
tuʕaššaqu
yuʕaššaqu
tuʕaššaqāni
yuʕaššaqāni
nuʕaššaqu
tuʕaššaqūna
yuʕaššaqūna
f
tuʕaššaqīna
tuʕaššaqu
tuʕaššaqāni
tuʕaššaqna
yuʕaššaqna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕaššaqa
tuʕaššaqa
yuʕaššaqa
tuʕaššaqā
yuʕaššaqā
nuʕaššaqa
tuʕaššaqū
yuʕaššaqū
f
tuʕaššaqī
tuʕaššaqa
tuʕaššaqā
tuʕaššaqna
yuʕaššaqna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕaššaq
tuʕaššaq
yuʕaššaq
tuʕaššaqā
yuʕaššaqā
nuʕaššaq
tuʕaššaqū
yuʕaššaqū
f
tuʕaššaqī
tuʕaššaq
tuʕaššaqā
tuʕaššaqna
yuʕaššaqna

Hijazi Arabic[edit]

Root
ع ش ق
2 terms

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʕiʃɡ/, [ʕɪʃɡ]

Noun[edit]

عِشْق • (ʕišg) m

  1. liking with desire(lust), being in love; romantic love (particularly when very strong)
  2. passion

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic عَشِقَ (ʕašiqa).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʕi.ʃiɡ/, [ʕɪʃɪɡ]

Verb[edit]

عِشِق • (ʕišig) I (non-past يِعْشَق (yiʕšag))

  1. to fall in love; to love excessively; to adore
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of عشق (ʕišig)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عشقت (ʕišigt) عشقت (ʕišigt) عشق (ʕišig) عشقنا (ʕišigna) عشقتوا (ʕišigtu) عشقوا (ʕišgu)
f عشقتي (ʕišigti) عشقت (ʕišgat)
non-past m أعشق (ʔaʕšag) تعشق (tiʕšag) يعشق (yiʕšag) نعشق (niʕšag) تعشقوا (tiʕšagu) يعشقوا (yiʕšagu)
f تعشقي (tiʕšagi) تعشق (tiʕšag)
imperative m اعشق (aʕšag) اعشقوا (aʕšagu)
f اعشقي (aʕšagi)

Etymology 3[edit]

From Arabic عَشَّقَ (ʕaššaqa).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

عَشَّق • (ʕaššag) II (non-past يِعَشِّق (yiʕaššig))

  1. to connect (used with vehicle's gear)
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of عشق (ʕaššag)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عشقت (ʕaššagt) عشقت (ʕaššagt) عشق (ʕaššag) عشقنا (ʕaššagna) عشقتوا (ʕaššagtu) عشقوا (ʕaššagu)
f عشقتي (ʕaššagti) عشقت (ʕaššagat)
non-past m أعشق (ʔaʕaššig) تعشق (tiʕaššig) يعشق (yiʕaššig) نعشق (niʕaššig) تعشقوا (tiʕaššigu) يعشقوا (yiʕaššigu)
f تعشقي (tiʕaššigi) تعشق (tiʕaššig)
imperative m عشق (ʕaššig) عشقوا (ʕaššigu)
f عشقي (ʕaššigi)

Persian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq, “love, passion”).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? išq
Dari reading? išq
Iranian reading? ešğ
Tajik reading? išq
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Noun[edit]

Dari عشق
Iranian Persian
Tajik ишқ

عِشْق • ('ešq) (plural عشق‌ها ('ešq-hâ))

  1. love (romantic emotion); passion
    دَرْدِ عِشْق ― dard-e 'ešq ― pain of love
    • late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را (Shirazi Turk)”, in دیوان حافظ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:
      ز عشق ناتمام ما جمال یار مستغنی است
      ze 'ešq-e nâtamâm-e mâ jamâl-e yâr mostağni ast
      Of my imperfect love the glory of the beloved is independent
    • c. 1650, Čandra Bhān, دیوان برهمن [The Brahman's divan]:
      چو درد عشق رسد خواهش دوا کفر است
      čo dard-e 'ešq rasad xâheš-e davâ kofr ast
      When the pain of love arrives, the desire for medicine is infidelity
    • 1915, محمود طرزی (Mahmud Tarzi), translated by Wali Ahmadi (Modern Persian Literature in Afghanistan), پراکنده: مجموعه اشعار [Collection of Scatted Poems], Kabul: 'Ināyat Press:
      هر کس که دل به عشق وطن کرد مبتلا، ایمان و عقل و دین نشود هیچ از و جدا.
      har kas ke del be 'ešq-e vatan kard mobtalâ, imân o 'aql o din na-šavad hič az u jodâ.
      That one who is ever consumed by love for his homeland: faith, reason, and belief shall never abandon him.
  2. one's love, the beloved
    عِشْقِ مَن ― 'ešq-e man ― my love

Usage notes[edit]

  • Unlike the Arabic word, Persian عشق does not have an overtone of “excessive” or “crazy love”.

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ع ش ق
1 term

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic عَشِقَ (ʕašiqa).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): (Urban) /ʕi.ʃiʔ/, [ˈʕi.ʃɪʔ]
  • IPA(key): (Bedouin) /ʕi.ʃiɡ/, [ˈʕi.ʃɪɡ]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb[edit]

عشق • (ʕišiʔ) I (present بعشق (biʕšaʔ))

  1. to fall in love
    Synonym: وقع بغرام (wiʔiʕ bi-ḡarām)
  2. to absorb a smell (of fabric)
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of عشق (ʕišiʔ)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عشقت (ʕšiʔt) عشقت (ʕšiʔt) عشق (ʕišiʔ) عشقنا (ʕšiʔna) عشقتو (ʕšiʔtu) عشقو (ʕišʔu)
f عشقتي (ʕšiʔti) عشقت (ʕišʔat)
present m بعشق (baʕšaʔ) بتعشق (btiʕšaʔ) بعشق (biʕšaʔ) منعشق (mniʕšaʔ) بتعشقو (btiʕšaʔu) بعشقو (biʕšaʔu)
f بتعشقي (btiʕšaʔi) بتعشق (btiʕšaʔ)
subjunctive m أعشق (ʔaʕšaʔ) تعشق (tiʕšaʔ) يعشق (yiʕšaʔ) نعشق (niʕšaʔ) تعشقو (tiʕšaʔu) يعشقو (yiʕšaʔu)
f تعشقي (tiʕšaʔi) تعشق (tiʕšaʔ)
imperative m اعشق (iʕšaʔ) اعشقو (iʕšaʔu)
f اعشقي (iʕšaʔi)

Etymology 2[edit]

Learned borrowing from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʕiʃq/, [ʕɪʃq]
  • Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Noun[edit]

عشق • (ʕišq) m

  1. love, passion, infatuation
    Synonym: غرام (ḡarām)
See also[edit]

Urdu[edit]

Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ur

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Classical Persian عشق (išq), from Arabic عِشْق (ʕišq, “love, passion”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

عِشْق • ('iśq) m (Hindi spelling इश्क़)

  1. love
    Synonyms: پْیار (pyār), مُحَبَّت (muhabbat), پْریم (prem)
    تیرے عشق میں ہم نے کیا کیا نہ دیکھا؟
    tere iśq mẽ ham ne kyā kyā na dekhā?
    What did I not see in your love?
  2. (figuratively) passion
    Synonym: جَذْبَہ (jazba)

Declension[edit]

Declension of عشق
singular plural
direct عِشْق ('iśq) عِشْق ('iśq)
oblique عِشْق ('iśq) عِشْقوں ('iśqō̃)
vocative عِشْق ('iśq) عِشْقو ('iśqō)

References[edit]

  • “عشق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “عشق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
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