なる

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Japanese

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Alternative spellings
成る
為る

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「なる
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
なる [náꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) なれ [náꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive なられる られ [nàráréꜜrù]
Causative ならせる らせ [nàráséꜜrù]
Potential なれる [nàréꜜrù]
Volitional なろう [nàróꜜò]
Negative ならない ない [nàráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective ならなかった なかった [nàráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal なります りま [nàrímáꜜsù]
Perfective なった った [náꜜttà]
Conjunctive なって って [náꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional なれば れば [náꜜrèbà]

Etymology 1

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From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *naru. Related to () (naru).

Verb

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なる (naruintransitive godan (stem なり (nari), past なった (natta))

Japanese verb pair
active なす
mediopassive なる
  1. to be achieved; to be completed
    ついに()(れん)()なる
    tsui ni go renpa ga naru
    Finally they are winning their fifth consecutive championship.
    (ねん)(がん)なって(ひと)()()ちする
    nengan natte hitoridachi suru
    He realized his wish to live his own life.
    メンタルがなってない
    mentaru ga nattenai
    not mentally resilient enough
    その(あと)はどうなったんですか?
    Sonoato wa dō natta n desu ka?
    What happened afterwards?
    (literally, “After that, what was achieved?”)
  2. to become; to change into; to turn
    (こおり)(みず)なる
    kōri ga mizu ni naru
    The ice becomes water.
    ()なり(にく)なる
    chi to nari niku to naru
    It becomes blood and flesh.
    (わたし)(きょう)()なります
    Watashi wa kyōshi ni narimasu.
    I will become a teacher.
    コーヒーが(つめ)たくなりました
    Kōhī ga tsumetaku narimashita.
    The coffee got cold.
  3. (impersonal) to reach a time; to get to a timepoint
    (はち)()なった
    hachiji ni natta
    It has reached eight o'clock.
  4. to reach an amount/quantity
    ()()げると(さん)メートルにもなる
    tsumiageru to san mētoru ni mo naru
    It can pile up to 3 metres high.
    (ぜん)()(せん)(えん)なる
    zenbu de sen'en ni naru
    One thousand yen in total.
  5. (with negative) to be acceptable; to be tolerable
    ()けてなるもの
    makete naru mono ka
    Failure is not an option.
    (かん)(べん)ならない
    kanben naranai
    It is unforgivable.
  6. (in some set phrases) to be made; to be produced; to be created
    (めい)(こう)()になる(ちゃ)(わん)
    meikō no te ni naru chawan
    a teacup manufactured by a famous craftsman
    (くう)(かい)(ふで)になる(しょ)
    Kūkai no fude ni naru sho
    calligraphy by Kūkai
  7. (shogi) to promote
  8. (honorific) In the form of "()/() + verbal noun + なる", an honorific form of the verb.
    Antonym: する
    Synonym: なさる
    (やす) (yasumu, to rest) - (やす)みになる (o-yasumi ni naru, to rest, honorific)
    (ほう)(もん)する (hōmon suru, to visit) - (ほう)(もん)になる (go-hōmon ni naru, to visit, honorific)
Usage notes
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  • This term is often spelled in hiragana.
  • Sense "to become":
    • When a noun or an adjectival noun (na-adjective) precedes なる it is followed by .
      (くるま)なるkuruma ni narubecome a car
      ()(れい)なるkirei ni narubecome beautiful
    • When an adjective (i-adjective) precedes なる it appears in its - form.
      (やさ)しくなるyasashiku narubecome kind
    • The causative is suppleted by する (suru).
      ()()がきれいになるheya ga kirei ni naruThe room becomes tidy.
      (わたし)()()をきれいにするwatashi ga heya o kirei ni suruI make the room tidy.

Conjugation
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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なる (naru

  1. adnominal of なり (nari, to be)

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of なる – see the following entries.
鳴る
[verb] to ring, to sound, to roar, to chime, to honk
生る
[verb] to bear fruit
(This term, なる (naru), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as なる, see Category:Japanese kanji read as なる.)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN