-lik
Afrikaans
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch -lijk. False cognate of Turkish -lik.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Suffix
[edit]-lik
- Forming adjectives from nouns with the sense of ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’.
Derived terms
[edit]Azerbaijani
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Cognate with Turkish -lik (“-ness”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / Ə / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-lıq | -lik | -luq | -lük |
-lik
- used to derive abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ity
- used to derive abstract nouns from nouns; -ship
- used to derive nouns denoting work/jobs from nouns denoting professions
- müəllim (“teacher”) + -lik → müəllimlik (“teaching, the work of a teacher”)
- qəssab (“butcher”) + -lik → qəssablıq (“butchery, the trade of a butcher”)
- used to derive nouns denoting items containing something; -ory
- used to derive nouns denoting places characterized by abundance of something from nouns
- ağac (“tree”) + -lik → ağaclıq (“a treey place, a place with many trees”)
- kölgə (“shadow”) + -lik → kölgəlik (“a shady place”)
- ilan (“snake”) + -lik → ilanlıq (“a place full of snake”)
- bataq (“swamp”) + -lik → bataqlıq (“a swampy place”)
- ocaq (“hearth”) + -lik → ocaqlıq (“hearthstead”)
- used to derive adjectives from nouns; -ly
- used to derive temporal adverbs from temporal adverbs and nouns; for
- (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting kinship other than by blood; step-
- (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting clothing items
Usage notes
[edit]- It changes to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word (see also: vowel harmony).
Derived terms
[edit]Crimean Tatar
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lik
- -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom
- being (like) ...
- belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container
- qave (“coffee”) + -lik → qavelik (“coffee pot”)
Usage notes
[edit]- By vowel harmony, the suffix may change to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word to which it is attached.
Derived terms
[edit]Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Germanic -līk?”)
Suffix
[edit]-lik (genitive -liku, partitive -likku, comparative -likum, superlative kõige -likum)
Declension
[edit]Declension of -lik (ÕS type 25/õnnelik, length gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -lik | -likud | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | -liku | ||
genitive | -like -likkude | ||
partitive | -likku | -likke -likkusid | |
illative | -likku -likusse |
-likesse -likkudesse | |
inessive | -likus | -likes -likkudes | |
elative | -likust | -likest -likkudest | |
allative | -likule | -likele -likkudele | |
adessive | -likul | -likel -likkudel | |
ablative | -likult | -likelt -likkudelt | |
translative | -likuks | -likeks -likkudeks | |
terminative | -likuni | -likeni -likkudeni | |
essive | -likuna | -likena -likkudena | |
abessive | -likuta | -liketa -likkudeta | |
comitative | -likuga | -likega -likkudega |
Derived terms
[edit]Greenlandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lik (n-n?, truncative?)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 153, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
- -lik in Katersat
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -l (verb-forming suffix) + -ik (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lik
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -lik is added to both back-vowel and front-vowel words.
- -llik is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á. Final -e changes to -é.
- barna (“brown”) + -llik → barnállik (“to appear in brown color”)
- fekete (“black”) + -llik → feketéllik (“to appear in black color”)
- -allik is added to back-vowel words
- -ollik is added to some back-vowel words
- -ellik is added to front-vowel words
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -lik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
K'iche'
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lik
- Forms adjectives from verbs
- Forms adjectives from nouns
References
[edit]- Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lik
- Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-lik
- Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the adjective lik (“similar”).
Suffix
[edit]-lik
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish ـلك (-lik), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-lık | -lik | -luk | -lük |
-lik
- -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom
- being (like) ...
- belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container
- year-old
- 18'lik kız ― 18 year old girl
- old
- 10 günlük, 3 aylık bebek ― 10-days-old, 3-month-old baby
- Lasting for a period of time.
- 5 dakikalık bir video ― a 5 minutes long video
- 2 saatlik bir film ― a 2 hours long movie
- üç günlük ömür ― life is too short (literally, “lifetime that will last three days”)
Usage notes
[edit]- The suffix is attached to nouns or sometimes adjectives, and then forms a noun or, more rarely, an adjective. The suffix is often found attached to verbal nouns formed with the suffix -me or its variant -ma. For example, the verb atıştırmak (“to snack”) gives rise to the verbal noun atıştırma (“snacking”) and thus to the term atıştırmalık, which is both a noun meaning “snack” and an adjective meaning “suitable for snacking”.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Greek: -λίκι (-líki)
Uzbek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Chagatai ـلیق (-lıq), ـلیک (-lik), ـلوق (-luq), ـلوک (-lük), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
Suffix
[edit]-lik
Derived terms
[edit]- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with audio links
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans suffixes
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani suffixes
- Crimean Tatar terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Crimean Tatar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Crimean Tatar lemmas
- Crimean Tatar suffixes
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Estonian adjective-forming suffixes
- Estonian õnnelik-type nominals
- Greenlandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greenlandic lemmas
- Greenlandic suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian verb-forming suffixes
- K'iche' terms with IPA pronunciation
- K'iche' lemmas
- K'iche' suffixes
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish terms with audio links
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Turkish noun-forming suffixes
- Turkish terms with usage examples
- Uzbek terms inherited from Chagatai
- Uzbek terms derived from Chagatai
- Uzbek terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek suffixes