shock

English

Wikipedia

Alternative forms

• choque (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), of Germanic origin, from Middle Dutch schokken (“to jolt, bounce”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkanan (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakanan (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kAg'-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake. Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (German schaukeln, “to swing”), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremuously”). More at shog.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ʃɒk/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒk

Noun

shock (plural shocks)

1. Sudden, heavy impact.
2. Something so surprising that it is stunning.
3. More fully electric shock, a sudden burst of electric energy, hitting an animate animal such as a human.
4. (pathology) A life-threatening medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
5. A tuft or bunch of something (e.g. hair, grass)
6. An arrangement of sheaves for drying. A stook.
7. (obsolete) A small dog with long shaggy hair, especially a poodle or spitz; a shaggy lapdog.
   • 1827 Thomas Carlyle, The Fair-Haired Eckbert

     When I read of witty persons, I could not figure them but like the little shock (translating the German Spitz).

8. (sports) The defeat of a superior team by an inferior one.
   • 2011 September 29, Jon Smith, “Tottenham 3 - 1 Shamrock Rovers”, BBC Sport:

     Rovers' hopes of pulling off one of the great European shocks of all time lasted just 10 minutes before Spurs finally found their scoring touch.

Derived terms

bow shock culture shock economic shock electric shock shock absorber

shock jock shock mount shock rock shock site shock therapy

shock wave, shockwave shocker shocking pink shockproof shockumentary

shockvertising supply shock technology shock termination shock toxic shock syndrome

Synonyms

See Wikisaurus:surprise

Translations

sudden, heavy impact

Arabic: صدمة (ar) (Sádma) f. Finnish: isku (fi) French: choc (fr) m. Greek: κλονισμός (el) (klonismós) m., κραδασμός (el) (kradasmós) m. Japanese: 衝撃 (ja) (しょうげき, shōgeki)

Polish: wstrząs (pl) m. Portuguese: choque (pt) m. Russian: удар (ru) (udár) m. Swedish: chock (sv) c., skräll (sv) c. Turkish: şok (tr)

something surprising

Arabic: صدمة (ar) (Sádma) f. Chinese: Mandarin: 震撼 (cmn) (zhènhàn), 震驚 (cmn), 震惊 (cmn) (zhènjīng), 休克 (cmn) (xiūkè) (from English "shock"), 衝擊 (cmn), 冲击 (cmn) (chōngjí) Danish: chok (da) n. Finnish: shokki (fi) French: choc (fr) m. German: Schock (de) m.

Hungarian: döbbenet (hu) Japanese: ショック (ja) (shokku) Korean: 충격 (ko) (chunggyeok), 衝擊 (ko) Russian: шок (ru) (šok) m., потрясение (ru) (potrjasénije) n. Swedish: chock (sv) c., överraskning  (sv) c. Turkish: şok (tr) Vietnamese: sốc (vi)

electric shock

Esperanto: ŝoko (eo) Finnish: sähköisku (fi); sähköshokki (fi) Greek: ηλεκτροπληξία (el) (ilektroplixía) f. Hungarian: áramütés (hu) Italian: scossa (it) f.

Polish: porażenie (pl) n. Portuguese: choque (pt) m. Russian: шок (ru) (šok) m. Swedish: elstöt (sv) c., stöt (sv) c., elchock (sv) c., chock (sv) c.

life-threatening medical emergency

Czech: šok (cs) m. Danish: chok (da) n. Finnish: shokki (fi)

Hungarian: sokk (hu) Russian: шок (ru) (šok) m. Turkish: şok (tr)

tuft or bunch

Finnish: tuppo (fi)

Greek: θημωνιά (el) (thimoniá) f.

arrangement of sheaves for drying — see stook

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

Serbo-Croatian: šok (hr) m. Dutch: schok (nl) Estonian: šokk (et) French: choc (fr) m. German: Schock (de) m. Hungarian: lökés

Italian: scossa (it) f. Korean: 충격 (chunggyeok) Scottish Gaelic: oillt f., ionnsaigh m. and f., babhsgaire m. Spanish: choque (es) m. Swedish: chock (sv)

References

• Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, 1989

Verb

shock (third-person singular simple present shocks, present participle shocking, simple past and past participle shocked)

1. To cause to be emotionally shocked.
2. To give an electric shock.

Translations

to cause to be emotionally shocked

Finnish: järkyttää (fi), shokeerata (fi) French: choquer (fr) German: schockieren (de)

Hungarian: megdöbbent (hu), megráz (hu), sokkol (hu) Portuguese: chocar (pt) Russian: шокировать (ru) (šokírovat'), потрясать (ru) (potrjasát')

to give an electric shock

Finnish: antaa (fi) sähköshokki (fi) German: einen Stromstoß versetzen

Hungarian: megráz (hu), sokkol (hu)

Anagrams

• hocks

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Italian

Etymology

English

Noun

shock m. inv.

1. shock (medical; violent or unexpected event)