хар

See also: xap and Appendix:Variations of "har"

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xarъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xar]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ar

Adjective

хар • (har) (obsolete)

1. worn-out, shabby, tattered from excessive use
2. (of a person or a working animal) extremely fatigued, drained, bone-tired

Declension

Positive forms of хар

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
indefinite	хар har	ха́ра hára	ха́ро háro	ха́ри hári
definite (subject form)	ха́рият hárijat	ха́рата hárata	ха́рото hároto	ха́рите hárite
definite (object form)	ха́рия hárija

Comparative forms of хар

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
indefinite	по́-ха́р pó-hár	по́-ха́ра pó-hára	по́-ха́ро pó-háro	по́-ха́ри pó-hári
definite (subject form)	по́-ха́рият pó-hárijat	по́-ха́рата pó-hárata	по́-ха́рото pó-hároto	по́-ха́рите pó-hárite
definite (object form)	по́-ха́рия pó-hárija

Superlative forms of хар

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
indefinite	на́й-ха́р náj-hár	на́й-ха́ра náj-hára	на́й-ха́ро náj-háro	на́й-ха́ри náj-hári
definite (subject form)	на́й-ха́рият náj-hárijat	на́й-ха́рата náj-hárata	на́й-ха́рото náj-hároto	на́й-ха́рите náj-hárite
definite (object form)	на́й-ха́рия náj-hárija

Derived terms

• не́хар (néhar, “indolence, hebetude, lack of effort”) (dialectal)
• не́хрьо (néhrjo)
• не́хра (néhra, “indolent person, loafer”)
• ха́рост (hárost)
• харота́ (harotá)

References

• Nayden Gerov; Тодор Панчев (1904), “ха́рꙑй, -ръ, -ра, ро”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 489

Kalmyk

Etymology

From Written Oirat ᡍᠠᠷᠠ (xara), from Proto-Mongolic *kara, ultimately of Turkic origin; see Proto-Turkic *kara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /χaˈrə/

Adjective

хар • (xar) (Clear script spelling ᡍᠠᠷᠠ (xara))

1. black

Khakas

Etymology

From Old Turkic qar (“snow”), from Proto-Turkic *kār (“snow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /χar/, [χɑr]

Noun

хар • (xar)

1. (meteorology) snow

Declension

Declension of хар

	singular	plural
nominative	хар (xar)	харлар (xarlar)
genitive	харның (xarnıñ)	харларның (xarlarnıñ)
dative	харға (xarğa)	харларға (xarlarğa)
accusative	харны (xarnı)	харларны (xarlarnı)
locative	харда (xarda)	харларда (xarlarda)
ablative	хардаң (xardañ)	харлардаң (xarlardañ)
lative	харзар (xarzar)	харларзар (xarlarzar)
instrumental	харнаң (xarnañ)	харларнаң (xarlarnañ)

Mongolian

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *kara (“black”); compare Buryat хара (xara), Kalmyk хар (xar), Daur xara. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”), whence also Turkish kara and Uyghur قارا (qara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [χar̊]

Adjective

хар • (xar) (Mongolian spelling ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ (qar-a))

1. black (color)

Derived terms

• хар гэр (xar ger, “jail, prison”)
• хар зах (xar zax, “black market”)
• хар тугалга (xar tugalga, “lead (metal)”)
• хар хэрээ (xar xeree, “raven”)

Tajik

як хари зебо
a beautiful donkey

Etymology 1

Inherited from Classical Persian خَر (xar, “donkey”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xar/, [χäɾ]

Adjective

хар • (xar) (Persian spelling خر)

1. idiot, fool

   Synonym: аҳмақ (ahmaq)

Noun

хар • (xar) (Persian spelling خر)

1. donkey, ass

   Synonyms: улоғ (uloġ), дарозгӯш (darozgüš)

2. idiot, fool

   Synonym: аҳмақ (ahmaq)

Inflection

Inflection of хар

		singular	plural
sound	broken2	or broken2
bare		хар (xar)	харон (xaron)1	[Term?]	[Term?]
definite object		харро (xarro)	харонро (xaronro)1	ро (ro)	ро (ro)
izofa		хари (xar-i)	харони (xaron-i)1	и (i)	и (i)
indefinite, definite relative	bare	харе (xare)	—	—	—
	object	хареро (xarero)	—	—	—

¹The plural form in -ҳо (-ho) (харҳо (xarho)), is also acceptable.

Possessive forms of хар

		singular	plural
sound	broken2	broken2
bare	1st singular	харам (xaram)	харонам (xaronam)1	ам (am)	ам (am)
	2nd singular	харат (xarat)	харонат (xaronat)1	ат (at)	ат (at)
	3rd singular	хараш (xaraš)	харонаш (xaronaš)1	аш (aš)	аш (aš)
	1st plural	харамон (xaramon)	харонамон (xaronamon)1	амон (amon)	амон (amon)
	2nd plural	харатон (xaraton)	харонатон (xaronaton)1	атон (aton)	атон (aton)
	3rd plural	харашон (xarašon)	харонашон (xaronašon)1	ашон (ašon)	ашон (ašon)
		singular	plural
sound	broken2	broken2
definite object	1st singular	харамро (xaramro)	харонамро (xaronamro)1	амро (amro)	амро (amro)
	2nd singular	харатро (xaratro)	харонатро (xaronatro)1	атро (atro)	атро (atro)
	3rd singular	харашро (xarašro)	харонашро (xaronašro)1	ашро (ašro)	ашро (ašro)
	1st plural	харамонро (xaramonro)	харонамонро (xaronamonro)1	амонро (amonro)	амонро (amonro)
	2nd plural	харатонро (xaratonro)	харонатонро (xaronatonro)1	атонро (atonro)	атонро (atonro)
	3rd plural	харашонро (xarašonro)	харонашонро (xaronašonro)1	ашонро (ašonro)	ашонро (ašonro)

¹The plural form in -ҳо (-ho) (харҳо (xarho)), is also acceptable.

Derived terms

• харак (xarak)
• харбанда (xarbanda)
• харбандагӣ (xarbandagi)
• харбевоз (xarbevoz)
• харвор (xarvor)
• харгӯш (xargüš)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Classical Persian خَر (xar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xar/, [χäɾ]

Verb

хар • (xar) (Persian spelling خر)

1. present stem of харидан (xaridan)

Further reading

• хар on the Tajik Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^tg
• “хар”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژه‌جو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2025

Tundra Nenets

Etymology

From Proto-Samoyedic *kərə, from Proto-Uralic *kurɜ. Cognates include Finnish kuras and Lule Sami gürra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hʌr(ə̥)]
• Hyphenation: хар

Noun

хар • (xar°)

1. knife

References

• Pyrerka, A. P.; Tereščenko, N. M. (1948), Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 155
• N. M. Tereschenko (2005), “хар”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
• Irina Nikolaeva (2014), A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 18

Tuvan

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kār (“snow”). Cognate with Turkish kar (“snow”).

Noun

хар • (xar) (definite accusative харны, plural харлар)

1. snow
2. age (of someone)

   Мээң харым үжен. ― Meeñ xarım üjen. ― I'm thirty years old.

See also

• чыл (çıl)

Yaghnobi

Etymology

From Tajik хар (xar).

Noun

хар (xar)

1. donkey, ass

Yakut

Etymology

Possibly onomatopoeic. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

хар • (qar) (transitive)

1. to choke (on something)
2. to block off

Derived terms

• харыс (qarïs, “to fight, to butt heads”)