آسمان

See also: اسمان

Baluchi

Alternative forms

• آزمان (ázmán)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Akin to Persian آسمان (âsmân), Sanskrit अश्मन् (áśman).

Noun

آسمان • (ásmán)

1. sky

Chagatai

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān).

Noun

آسمان • (ʾāsmān /āsmān/)

1. sky, heavens, firmament

   Synonyms: کوک (kwk /⁠kök⁠/), فلک (flk /⁠fäläk⁠/), سما (smā /⁠sämā⁠/)

   کوک آسمان ― kwk ʾāsmān /kök āsmān/ ― blue sky

Declension

Declension of آسمان (āsmān)

	singular	plural
nominative	آسمان āsmān	— —
genitive	آسماننینگ āsmānnıng	— —
definite accusative	آسماننی āsmānnı	— —
dative	آسمانغە āsmānġa	— —
ablative	آسماندین āsmāndın	— —
locative	آسماندە āsmānda	— —

Descendants

• Uyghur: ئاسمان (asman)
• Uzbek: osmon

Further reading

• 御製五體清文鑑 / han -i araha sunja hacin hergen kamciha manju gisun -i buleku bithe [Pentaglot Dictionary] (overall work in Manchu, Classical Tibetan, Classical Mongolian, Chagatai, and Mandarin), Beijing, (Can we date this quote?), page 1
• Schluessel, Eric (2018), “آسمان”, in An Introduction to Chaghatay: A Graded Textbook for Reading Central Asian Sources‎^[1], Michigan Publishing, page 108

Gawar-Bati

Etymology

Borrowed from Urdu آسمان (āsmān), from Persian آسمان.

Noun

آسمان (āsmān)

1. sky

Kalami

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎴 (a-s-m-n /⁠asman⁠/)

Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Kalami آسمان

Borrowed from Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān).

Pronunciation

• Tone class: H(L)
• IPA^(key): /áːsmáːn/

Noun

آسمان (āsmān) m

1. sky

References

• Baart, Joan L. G. (1997), “āsmān”, in The sounds and tones of Kalam Kohistani: with wordlist and texts (Studies in Languages of Northern Pakistan; 1)‎^[2], National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University; Summer Institute of Linguistics, page 77

Khalaj

Noun

آسمان (âsmân, âsimân) (definite accusative آسِمانؽ or آسمانئ, plural آسِمانلار or آسمانلار)

1. Arabic spelling of âsmân, âsimân (“sky”)

Declension

Declension of آسمان

	singular	plural
nominative	آسمان	آسمانلار
genitive	آسمانؽݧ	آسمانلارؽݧ
dative	آسمانقا	آسمانلارقا
definite accusative	آسمانؽ	آسمانلارؽ
locative	آسمانچا	آسمانلارچا
ablative	آسماندا	آسمانلاردا
instrumental	آسمانلا	آسمانلارلا
equative	آسمانواره	آسمانلارواره

Khowar

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎴 (a-s-m-n /⁠asman⁠/)

Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Khowar آسمان

Borrowed from Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān).

Noun

آسمان (asmán)

1. sky

References

• Elena Bashir; Maula Nigah; Rahmat Karim Baig (2022), “آسمان”, in A digital Khowar-English dictionary with audio‎^[3], second edition, Chicago, I.L.: South Asia Language and Area Center, University of Chicago, archived from the original on 19 January 2023.

Old Anatolian Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān).

Noun

آسمان • (āsmān, āsümān, āsimān)

1. sky, heavens, firmament

   Synonyms: كوك (gök), سما (sema), فلك (felek)

Descendants

• Azerbaijani: asiman
• Ottoman Turkish: آسمان (asman)
  • Turkish: asuman

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish آسمان, from Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān)

Noun

آسمان • (asman)

1. sky, heavens, firmament

   Synonyms: كوك (gök), سما (sema), فلك (felek)

Derived terms

• آسمان دره (asman dere, “Milkyway”)
• آسمان كون (asman gûn, “azure”)
• آسمانی (asmani, “heavenly, celestial”)

Descendants

• Turkish: asuman

Further reading

• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “آسمان”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 114
• Ayverdi, İlhan (2010), “asman”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “asuman”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Pahari-Potwari

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān).

Noun

آسْمَان (āsmān) m

1. sky

Declension

Declension of آسمان

	singular	plural
direct	آسْمَان (āsmān)	آسْمَان (āsmān)
oblique	آسْمَانَے (āsmānai)	آسْمَاناں (āsmānāṉ)
vocative	آسْمَانا (āsmānā)	آسْمَانو (āsmāno)
ablative	آسْمَانُوں (āsmānūṉ)	-
locative	آسْمَانے (āsmāne)	آسْمَانِیں (āsmānīṉ)
instrumental	آسْمَانے (āsmāne)	آسْمَانِیں (āsmānīṉ)

Persian

Alternative forms

• آسمون (âsemun) (colloquial Tehrani)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎴 (a-s-m-n /⁠asman⁠/)

Persian آسمان

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭮𐭬𐭠𐭭 (ʾsmʾn /⁠āsmān⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎠𐎴𐎶 (asmānam), from Proto-Iranian *Hácmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō. Cognate with Sanskrit अश्मन् (áśman).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ʔaːs.ˈmaːn/, /ʔaː.si.ˈmaːn/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːs.mɑːn], [ʔɑː.sɪ.mɑːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːs.mɑːn], [ʔɑː.sɪ.mɑːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɑːs.mɑːn], [ʔɑː.sɪ.mɑːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔɔːs.mɔːn], [ʔɔː.si.mɔːn]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːs.mɒːn], [ʔɒː.se.mɒːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːs.mɒːn], [ʔɒː.se.mɒːn]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [ʔɒːs.muːn], [ʔɒː.se.muːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɔs.mɔn], [ʔɔ.si.mɔn]

Readings
Classical reading?	āsmān, āsimān
Dari reading?	āsmān, āsimān
Iranian reading?	âsmân, âsemân
Tajik reading?	osmon, osimon

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːn

Noun

آسمان • (āsmān / âsmân) (plural آسمان‌ها (āsmān-hā / âsmân-hâ), Tajik spelling осмон)

1. sky

   آسمان ابری ― -âsmân-e abri ― cloudy sky

   آسمان آبی ― -âsmân-e âbi ― blue sky

   • 1732—1733, Lāla Amānat Rāy, “جلوه ذات [Jelve-ye Zât]”, in Stefano Pellò, transl., Black Curls in a Mirror: The Eighteenth-Century Persian Kṛṣṇa of Lāla Amānat Rāy’s Jilwa-yi ẕāt and the Tongue of Bīdil, International Journal of Hindu Studies (2018) 22:

     به سطح آسمان انبوه اختر نمایان در طبق چون مشت گوهر

     be sath-e âsmân anbuh-e axtar nomâyân dar tabq čon mošt-e gowhar

     On the surface of the sky, a myriad of stars were showing themselves on a plate like a handful of pearls.

2. (literary) heaven

   Synonym: بهشت (behešt)

Derived terms

• آسمانرنگ (âsmânrang)
• آسمانگون (âsmângun)
• آسمانی (âsmâni)

Descendants

• → Bengali: আসমান (āsman)
• → Chagatai: آسمان (ʾāsmān)
  • Uyghur: ئاسمان (asman)
  • Uzbek: osmon
• → Dungan: асмон (asmon) (perhaps via Chagatai)
• → Gujarati: આસમાન (āsamān)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: आसमान (āsmān)

  Urdu: آسمان (āsmān)

  • → Khowar: آسمان (asmán)

• → Kalami: آسمان (āsmān)
• → Kazakh: аспан (aspan) (perhaps via Chagatai)
• → Kermanic: آسمون (ā̊semūn, āsɛmūn)
• → Khalaj: âsmân
• → Kyrgyz: асман (asman) (perhaps via Chagatai)
• → Marathi: अस्मान (asmān)
• → Nepali: अस्मान (asmān)
• → Old Anatolian Turkish: آسمان
  • Azerbaijani: asiman
  • Ottoman Turkish: آسمان (asman)
    • Turkish: asuman
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਅਸਮਾਨ (asamān)

  Shahmukhi script: آسمان (āsmān)

• → Marwari: असमाण (asmāṇ)
• → Sindhi: آسمان (āsmān)
• → Sivandi: āsemān
• → Turkmen: asman
• → Yaghnobi: осмон (osmon)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān).

Noun

آسمان • (āsmān) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਸਮਾਨ)

1. sky

Synonyms

• آکاش (ākāś), گگن (gagan)

Sindhi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎴 (a-s-m-n /⁠asman⁠/)

Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Sindhi آسمان

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːsmaːnʊ/, [aːsmaːn]

Noun

آسْمانُ • (āsmānu) m (Devanagari आस्मानु)

1. sky

   Synonyms: آڪاس (ākāsu), اُڀُ (ubhu), گَگَنُ (gaganu)

2. heaven

Declension

Declension of آسْمانُ (masc u-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	آسْمانُ āsmānu	آسْمانَ āsmāna
oblique	آسْمانَ āsmāna	آسْمانَنِ āsmānani
vocative	آسْمانَ āsmāna	آسْمانو āsmāno

Derived terms

• آسمانيِ (āsmānī, “heavenly, azure”)

Urdu

The seven celestial realms of Islamic Heaven (Jannat) with the seventh and highest being Firdos.

Alternative forms

• آسْمَاں (āsmā̃) — poetic

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎴 (a-s-m-n /⁠asman⁠/)

Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Urdu آسْمَان

Borrowed from Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān). First attested in c. 1421 as Middle Hindi آسمان (āsman /⁠āsmān⁠/).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɑːs.mɑːn/
• Rhymes: -ɑːn
• Hyphenation: آس‧مان

Noun

آسْمَان • (āsmān) m (Hindi spelling आसमान)

1. sky

   Synonyms: فَلَک (falak), آکاش (ākāś)

2. heaven, skies

   Synonyms: بَہِشْت (bahiśt), جَنَّت (jannat), فِرْدَوس (firdaus), سْوَرْگ (svarg)

3. (Islamic cosmology) celestial sphere, firmament; one of the seven heavens

Declension

Declension of آسمان

	singular	plural
direct	آسْمان (āsmān)	آسْمان (āsmān)
oblique	آسْمان (āsmān)	آسْمانوں (āsmānõ)
vocative	آسْمان (āsmān)	آسْمانو (āsmāno)

Derived terms

• آسْمَانی (āsmānī, “heavenly”)

Further reading

• “آسمان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2026.
• Fallon, Platts, Qureshi, Shakespear (2024), “آسمان”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Urdu Dictionaries]

Ushojo

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā

Proto-Iranian *Hácmā

Old Median *asmābor.

Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎴 (a-s-m-n /⁠asman⁠/)

Classical Persian آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān)bor.

Ushojo آسمان

Borrowed from Urdu آسْمَان (āsmān).

Noun

آسمان (āsmān)

1. sky