خوراک

Pashto

Etymology

From Classical Persian خوَراک (xwarāk).

Noun

خوراک • (xwarā́k, xorā́k) m

1. food

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian *hwlʾk' (/⁠xwarāg⁠/). By surface analysis, خور (xor, present stem of خوردن (xordan, “to eat, to drink, to corrode, to collide with, to fit”)) +‎ ـاک (-âk, suffix that forms the active participle from the present verb stem). The suffix is an alternative form of ـا (-â), which originates from Middle Persian -ʾk' (/⁠-āg⁠/). Akin to Old Armenian խորակ (xorak), an Iranian borrowing. Refer to کاواک (kâvâk) for another example of a word that ends this alternative form of ـا (-â), and to گویا (gôyâ, “capable of speech”) or رسا (resâ, “audible”) for examples of words that ends in the standard form of the suffix.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xʷa.ɾɑːk]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xoː.ɾɑːk], [xʊ.ɾɑːk]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xoː.ɾɑːk], [xʊ.ɾɑːk]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xoː.ɾɑːk], [xʊ.ɾɑːk]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xʊː.ɾɔːk], [xu.ɾɔːk]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xo.ɹɒːkʲ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χɵ.ɾɔk]

Readings
Classical reading?	xwarāk
Dari reading?	xōrāk, xurāk
Iranian reading?	xorâk
Tajik reading?	xürok

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

خوراک • (xorâk)

1. (Dari or archaic) food, victuals, provisions

   Synonyms: غذا, طعام

   خوراک تیار خوش داری؟ (Formal Dari)

   xōrāk-i tayyār xōš dārī?

   Do you like fast food?

2. daily bread, eatables

Derived terms

• خوراکی (xorâki, “food, meal, nourishment”)

Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خوراک (xwarāk).

Noun

خُراک • (xurāk) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਖ਼ੁਰਾਕ)

1. food

Saraiki

Etymology

From Classical Persian خوراک (xwārāk).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xuː.ɾaːk/

Noun

خُوراک (xūrāk) f

1. food

Sindhi

Etymology

From Classical Persian خوراک (xwarāk).

Noun

خوراک • (xorākh)

1. food

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خوراک. First attested in c. 1609 as Middle Hindi خوراک (xvrak)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xʊ.ɾɑːk/
• Rhymes: -ɑːk

Noun

خوراک • (xorāk) f (Hindi spelling ख़ुराक)

1. victuals, meal, food (for humans, animals, or plants etc.)

   Synonyms: کھانا (khānā), غَذا (ġazā)

2. one's appetite or diet
3. (medicine) dose
4. expenses (of an employee etc.)

Declension

Declension of خوراک
	singular	plural
direct	خوراک (xorāk)	خوراکیں (xorākẽ)
oblique	خوراک (xorāk)	خوراکوں (xorākõ)
vocative	خوراک (xorāk)	خوراکو (xorāko)

Further reading

• “خوراک”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “خوراک”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خوراک”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “خوراک”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “خوراک”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “خوراک”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC