شهر
Arabic
Etymology
From the root ش ه ر (š-h-r). The meaning “month” can be considered a semantic loan from Aramaic סהרא, but compare Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩠𐩧 (s²hr, “beginning of the lunar month”).
Pronunciation
- Verb I: IPA(key): /ʃa.ha.ra/
- Verb II: IPA(key): /ʃah.ha.ra/
- Noun: IPA(key): /ʃahr/
- Noun:
Audio: (file)
Verb
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- to spread, to make known, to divulge
- to make well-known, to make famous, to make notorious
- to proclaim, to announce
- to draw (a weapon), to unsheathe
Conjugation
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Verb
شَهَّرَ • (šahhara) II (non-past يُشَهِّرُ (yušahhiru), verbal noun تَشْهِير (tašhīr))
- to make well-known, to make famous, to make notorious
- to spread, to make known, to divulge
- to proclaim, to announce
- to defame, to slander, to revile, to pillory, to condemn, to denounce
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَشْهِير tašhīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُشَهِّر mušahhir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُشَهَّر mušahhar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شَهَّرْتُ šahhartu |
شَهَّرْتَ šahharta |
شَهَّرَ šahhara |
شَهَّرْتُمَا šahhartumā |
شَهَّرَا šahharā |
شَهَّرْنَا šahharnā |
شَهَّرْتُمْ šahhartum |
شَهَّرُوا šahharū | |||
f | شَهَّرْتِ šahharti |
شَهَّرَتْ šahharat |
شَهَّرَتَا šahharatā |
شَهَّرْتُنَّ šahhartunna |
شَهَّرْنَ šahharna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُشَهِّرُ ʔušahhiru |
تُشَهِّرُ tušahhiru |
يُشَهِّرُ yušahhiru |
تُشَهِّرَانِ tušahhirāni |
يُشَهِّرَانِ yušahhirāni |
نُشَهِّرُ nušahhiru |
تُشَهِّرُونَ tušahhirūna |
يُشَهِّرُونَ yušahhirūna | |||
f | تُشَهِّرِينَ tušahhirīna |
تُشَهِّرُ tušahhiru |
تُشَهِّرَانِ tušahhirāni |
تُشَهِّرْنَ tušahhirna |
يُشَهِّرْنَ yušahhirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُشَهِّرَ ʔušahhira |
تُشَهِّرَ tušahhira |
يُشَهِّرَ yušahhira |
تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā |
يُشَهِّرَا yušahhirā |
نُشَهِّرَ nušahhira |
تُشَهِّرُوا tušahhirū |
يُشَهِّرُوا yušahhirū | |||
f | تُشَهِّرِي tušahhirī |
تُشَهِّرَ tušahhira |
تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā |
تُشَهِّرْنَ tušahhirna |
يُشَهِّرْنَ yušahhirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُشَهِّرْ ʔušahhir |
تُشَهِّرْ tušahhir |
يُشَهِّرْ yušahhir |
تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā |
يُشَهِّرَا yušahhirā |
نُشَهِّرْ nušahhir |
تُشَهِّرُوا tušahhirū |
يُشَهِّرُوا yušahhirū | |||
f | تُشَهِّرِي tušahhirī |
تُشَهِّرْ tušahhir |
تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā |
تُشَهِّرْنَ tušahhirna |
يُشَهِّرْنَ yušahhirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | شَهِّرْ šahhir |
شَهِّرَا šahhirā |
شَهِّرُوا šahhirū |
||||||||
f | شَهِّرِي šahhirī |
شَهِّرْنَ šahhirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شُهِّرْتُ šuhhirtu |
شُهِّرْتَ šuhhirta |
شُهِّرَ šuhhira |
شُهِّرْتُمَا šuhhirtumā |
شُهِّرَا šuhhirā |
شُهِّرْنَا šuhhirnā |
شُهِّرْتُمْ šuhhirtum |
شُهِّرُوا šuhhirū | |||
f | شُهِّرْتِ šuhhirti |
شُهِّرَتْ šuhhirat |
شُهِّرَتَا šuhhiratā |
شُهِّرْتُنَّ šuhhirtunna |
شُهِّرْنَ šuhhirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُشَهَّرُ ʔušahharu |
تُشَهَّرُ tušahharu |
يُشَهَّرُ yušahharu |
تُشَهَّرَانِ tušahharāni |
يُشَهَّرَانِ yušahharāni |
نُشَهَّرُ nušahharu |
تُشَهَّرُونَ tušahharūna |
يُشَهَّرُونَ yušahharūna | |||
f | تُشَهَّرِينَ tušahharīna |
تُشَهَّرُ tušahharu |
تُشَهَّرَانِ tušahharāni |
تُشَهَّرْنَ tušahharna |
يُشَهَّرْنَ yušahharna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُشَهَّرَ ʔušahhara |
تُشَهَّرَ tušahhara |
يُشَهَّرَ yušahhara |
تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā |
يُشَهَّرَا yušahharā |
نُشَهَّرَ nušahhara |
تُشَهَّرُوا tušahharū |
يُشَهَّرُوا yušahharū | |||
f | تُشَهَّرِي tušahharī |
تُشَهَّرَ tušahhara |
تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā |
تُشَهَّرْنَ tušahharna |
يُشَهَّرْنَ yušahharna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُشَهَّرْ ʔušahhar |
تُشَهَّرْ tušahhar |
يُشَهَّرْ yušahhar |
تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā |
يُشَهَّرَا yušahharā |
نُشَهَّرْ nušahhar |
تُشَهَّرُوا tušahharū |
يُشَهَّرُوا yušahharū | |||
f | تُشَهَّرِي tušahharī |
تُشَهَّرْ tušahhar |
تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā |
تُشَهَّرْنَ tušahharna |
يُشَهَّرْنَ yušahharna |
Noun
شَهْر • (šahr) m (plural أَشْهُر (ʔašhur) or شُهُور (šuhūr))
- verbal noun of شَهَرَ (šahara) (form I)
- month (unit of time)
- new moon (beginning of the lunar month)
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَهْر šahr |
الشَّهْر aš-šahr |
شَهْر šahr |
Nominative | شَهْرٌ šahrun |
الشَّهْرُ aš-šahru |
شَهْرُ šahru |
Accusative | شَهْرًا šahran |
الشَّهْرَ aš-šahra |
شَهْرَ šahra |
Genitive | شَهْرٍ šahrin |
الشَّهْرِ aš-šahri |
شَهْرِ šahri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَهْرَيْن šahrayn |
الشَّهْرَيْن aš-šahrayn |
شَهْرَيْ šahray |
Nominative | شَهْرَانِ šahrāni |
الشَّهْرَانِ aš-šahrāni |
شَهْرَا šahrā |
Accusative | شَهْرَيْنِ šahrayni |
الشَّهْرَيْنِ aš-šahrayni |
شَهْرَيْ šahray |
Genitive | شَهْرَيْنِ šahrayni |
الشَّهْرَيْنِ aš-šahrayni |
شَهْرَيْ šahray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَشْهُر; شُهُور ʔašhur; šuhūr |
الْأَشْهُر; الشُّهُور al-ʔašhur; aš-šuhūr |
أَشْهُر; شُهُور ʔašhur; šuhūr |
Nominative | أَشْهُرٌ; شُهُورٌ ʔašhurun; šuhūrun |
الْأَشْهُرُ; الشُّهُورُ al-ʔašhuru; aš-šuhūru |
أَشْهُرُ; شُهُورُ ʔašhuru; šuhūru |
Accusative | أَشْهُرًا; شُهُورًا ʔašhuran; šuhūran |
الْأَشْهُرَ; الشُّهُورَ al-ʔašhura; aš-šuhūra |
أَشْهُرَ; شُهُورَ ʔašhura; šuhūra |
Genitive | أَشْهُرٍ; شُهُورٍ ʔašhurin; šuhūrin |
الْأَشْهُرِ; الشُّهُورِ al-ʔašhuri; aš-šuhūri |
أَشْهُرِ; شُهُورِ ʔašhuri; šuhūri |
References
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 186–187
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شهر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[1] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 680
Moroccan Arabic
Noun
شهر • (šhar)
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Noun
شهر • (şehir)
Persian
Dari | شهر |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | шаҳр |
Etymology
From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (šahr), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram (likely through Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra, “kingdom”), compare Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (xšaça-)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to attain”).
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "IR" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ʃæhɾ/, [ʃæhɾ], [ʃæːhɾ]
Noun
شهر • (šahr) (plural شهرها (šahr-hâ))
Related terms
- شهری (šahri, “civic, urban”)
- شهرستان (šahrestân, “province”)
- شهرک (šahrak, “town”)
- شهرنشین (šahrnešin)
- شهرسازی (šahrsâzi)
- شهرآورد (šahrâvard)
- ایرانشهر (Iranšahr)
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: şəhər
- → Bengali: শহর (śohor)
- → Crimean Tatar: şeer
- → Hindi: शहर (śahr)
- → Karachay Balkar: шахар (śahar)
- → Kumyk: шагьар (şahar)
- → Kurdish: şar
- → Kyrgyz: шаар (şaar)
- → Marathi: शहर (śahar)
- → Ottoman Turkish: شهر (şehir)
- → Urdu: شہر (śahr)
- → Uyghur: شەھەر (sheher)
- → Uzbek: shahar
- → Tajik: шаҳр (šahr)
References
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ش ه ر
- Arabic semantic loans from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic 3-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with audio pronunciation
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Arabic form-II verbs
- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- ar:Time
- Moroccan Arabic lemmas
- Moroccan Arabic nouns
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Persian
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Old Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Old Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Old Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Old Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Old Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with obsolete senses