ظل

See also: طل

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *θ̣ill-. Cognate with Akkadian 𒄑𒈪 (ṣillu, GISSU, “shadow”), Aramaic טוּלָּא/טִלָּא (ṭullā/ṭillā), טִלָּלָא (ṭillālā), Classical Syriac ܛܸܠܵܠܵܐ (ṭellālā), Ugaritic 𐎑𐎍 (ẓl), Hebrew צל (tzel, ṣēl), Ge'ez ጽላሎት (ṣəlalot).

Noun

ظِلّ • (ẓill) m (plural ظِلَال (ẓilāl) or ظُلُول (ẓulūl) or أَظْلَال (ʔaẓlāl))

1. shadow, shade
2. shady garden
3. paradise
4. protection, help, assistance
5. dark cloud
6. darkness
7. night
8. phantom, specter
9. cover, lid, scabbard
10. shape, figure, person
11. the Sultan (as shadow of God on Earth)
12. greatness, sublimity, distinction, eminence, rareness
13. power, night
14. colors of the day, shades of color, bloom of youth
15. heat of summer
16. fringe, hairy side of a cloth
17. hue
18. trace
19. (mathematics, trigonometry) tangent (symbol: ظا)

See also

• جيب (Sine)
• جيب تمام (Cosine)
• ظل تمام (Cotangent)
• قاطع (Secant)
• قاطع تمام (Cosecant)

Declension

Declension of noun ظِلّ (ẓill)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظِلّ ẓill	الظِّلّ aẓ-ẓill	ظِلّ ẓill
Nominative	ظِلٌّ ẓillun	الظِّلُّ aẓ-ẓillu	ظِلُّ ẓillu
Accusative	ظِلًّا ẓillan	الظِّلَّ aẓ-ẓilla	ظِلَّ ẓilla
Genitive	ظِلٍّ ẓillin	الظِّلِّ aẓ-ẓilli	ظِلِّ ẓilli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظِلَّيْن ẓillayn	الظِّلَّيْن aẓ-ẓillayn	ظِلَّيْ ẓillay
Nominative	ظِلَّانِ ẓillāni	الظِّلَّانِ aẓ-ẓillāni	ظِلَّا ẓillā
Accusative	ظِلَّيْنِ ẓillayni	الظِّلَّيْنِ aẓ-ẓillayni	ظِلَّيْ ẓillay
Genitive	ظِلَّيْنِ ẓillayni	الظِّلَّيْنِ aẓ-ẓillayni	ظِلَّيْ ẓillay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظِلَال‎; ظُلُول‎; أَظْلَال ẓilāl‎; ẓulūl‎; ʔaẓlāl	الظِّلَال‎; الظُّلُول‎; الْأَظْلَال aẓ-ẓilāl‎; aẓ-ẓulūl‎; al-ʔaẓlāl	ظِلَال‎; ظُلُول‎; أَظْلَال ẓilāl‎; ẓulūl‎; ʔaẓlāl
Nominative	ظِلَالٌ‎; ظُلُولٌ‎; أَظْلَالٌ ẓilālun‎; ẓulūlun‎; ʔaẓlālun	الظِّلَالُ‎; الظُّلُولُ‎; الْأَظْلَالُ aẓ-ẓilālu‎; aẓ-ẓulūlu‎; al-ʔaẓlālu	ظِلَالُ‎; ظُلُولُ‎; أَظْلَالُ ẓilālu‎; ẓulūlu‎; ʔaẓlālu
Accusative	ظِلَالًا‎; ظُلُولًا‎; أَظْلَالًا ẓilālan‎; ẓulūlan‎; ʔaẓlālan	الظِّلَالَ‎; الظُّلُولَ‎; الْأَظْلَالَ aẓ-ẓilāla‎; aẓ-ẓulūla‎; al-ʔaẓlāla	ظِلَالَ‎; ظُلُولَ‎; أَظْلَالَ ẓilāla‎; ẓulūla‎; ʔaẓlāla
Genitive	ظِلَالٍ‎; ظُلُولٍ‎; أَظْلَالٍ ẓilālin‎; ẓulūlin‎; ʔaẓlālin	الظِّلَالِ‎; الظُّلُولِ‎; الْأَظْلَالِ aẓ-ẓilāli‎; aẓ-ẓulūli‎; al-ʔaẓlāli	ظِلَالِ‎; ظُلُولِ‎; أَظْلَالِ ẓilāli‎; ẓulūli‎; ʔaẓlāli

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ظل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “ظل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Verb

ظَلَّ • (ẓalla) I, non-past يَظَلُّ‎ (yaẓallu)

1. (copulative) to remain, to persist, to maintain

   ظَلَّ صَامِتًا

   ẓalla ṣāmitan

   he remained silent

   ظَلَّ عَلَى مَوْقِفِهِ

   ẓalla ʕalā mawqifihi

   he maintained his point of view [= stayed in the place he was standing]

2. to keep doing, to do constantly, to persist in, to remain

   يَظَلُّ يَتْبَعُهَا

   yaẓallu yatbaʕuhā

   he keeps following her

   ظَلُّوا جَالِسِينَ

   ẓallū jālisīna

   they remained sitting

Conjugation

Conjugation of

ظَلَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal nouns ظَلّ or ظُلُول)

verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر						ظَلّ or ظُلُول ẓall or ẓulūl
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						ظَالّ ẓāll
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَظْلُول maẓlūl
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظَلِلْتُ ẓaliltu	ظَلِلْتَ ẓalilta	ظَلَّ ẓalla		ظَلِلْتُمَا ẓaliltumā	ظَلَّا ẓallā		ظَلِلْنَا ẓalilnā	ظَلِلْتُمْ ẓaliltum	ظَلُّوا ẓallū
	f		ظَلِلْتِ ẓalilti	ظَلَّتْ ẓallat			ظَلَّتَا ẓallatā			ظَلِلْتُنَّ ẓaliltunna	ظَلِلْنَ ẓalilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَظَلُّ ʔaẓallu	تَظَلُّ taẓallu	يَظَلُّ yaẓallu		تَظَلَّانِ taẓallāni	يَظَلَّانِ yaẓallāni		نَظَلُّ naẓallu	تَظَلُّونَ taẓallūna	يَظَلُّونَ yaẓallūna
	f		تَظَلِّينَ taẓallīna	تَظَلُّ taẓallu			تَظَلَّانِ taẓallāni			تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna	يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَظَلَّ ʔaẓalla	تَظَلَّ taẓalla	يَظَلَّ yaẓalla		تَظَلَّا taẓallā	يَظَلَّا yaẓallā		نَظَلَّ naẓalla	تَظَلُّوا taẓallū	يَظَلُّوا yaẓallū
	f		تَظَلِّي taẓallī	تَظَلَّ taẓalla			تَظَلَّا taẓallā			تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna	يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَظَلَّ or أَظَلِّ or أَظْلَلْ ʔaẓalla or ʔaẓalli or ʔaẓlal	تَظَلَّ or تَظَلِّ or تَظْلَلْ taẓalla or taẓalli or taẓlal	يَظَلَّ or يَظَلِّ or يَظْلَلْ yaẓalla or yaẓalli or yaẓlal		تَظَلَّا taẓallā	يَظَلَّا yaẓallā		نَظَلَّ or نَظَلِّ or نَظْلَلْ naẓalla or naẓalli or naẓlal	تَظَلُّوا taẓallū	يَظَلُّوا yaẓallū
	f		تَظَلِّي taẓallī	تَظَلَّ or تَظَلِّ or تَظْلَلْ taẓalla or taẓalli or taẓlal			تَظَلَّا taẓallā			تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna	يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ظَلَّ or ظَلِّ or اِظْلَلْ ẓalla or ẓalli or iẓlal			ظَلَّا ẓallā				ظَلُّوا ẓallū
	f		ظَلِّي ẓallī							اِظْلَلْنَ iẓlalna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	ظُلَّ ẓulla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُظَلُّ yuẓallu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُظَلَّ yuẓalla		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُظَلَّ or يُظَلِّ or يُظْلَلْ yuẓalla or yuẓalli or yuẓlal		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Synonyms

• مَا زَالَ (mā zāla, “to not stop (doing)”)

Etymology 3

Noun

ظَلّ • (ẓall) m

1. verbal noun of ظَلَّ (ẓalla) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun ظَلّ (ẓall)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظَلّ ẓall	الظَّلّ aẓ-ẓall	ظَلّ ẓall
Nominative	ظَلٌّ ẓallun	الظَّلُّ aẓ-ẓallu	ظَلُّ ẓallu
Accusative	ظَلًّا ẓallan	الظَّلَّ aẓ-ẓalla	ظَلَّ ẓalla
Genitive	ظَلٍّ ẓallin	الظَّلِّ aẓ-ẓalli	ظَلِّ ẓalli

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Gulf Arabic

Etymology 1

From Classical Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill), from Proto-Semitic *θ̣ill-. Cognate with Hebrew צל (tzel, ṣēl).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤɪlˤ/

Noun

ظِل • (ḏ̣iḷ) m (plural ظْلال (ḏ̣ḷāḷ))

1. shadow
2. shade

Etymology 2

From Classical Arabic ظَلّ (ẓall).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ðˤəlˤ/
• Homophone: ضل (ḏ̣aḷ)

Noun

ظَل • (ḏ̣aḷ) (imperfective يظل (yḏ̣iḷ))

1. to stay, to remain

   Synonym: بقى (buga)

   Antonym: راح (rāḥ)