अपि

See also: अप, अपी, and अप्

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• api (Latin script)
• 𑀅𑀧𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• অপি (Bengali script)
• අපි (Sinhalese script)
• အပိ or ဢပိ (Burmese script)
• อปิ or อะปิ (Thai script)
• ᩋᨷᩥ (Tai Tham script)
• ອປິ or ອະປິ (Lao script)
• អបិ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄛𑄨 (Chakma script)

Particle

अपि (api)

1. Devanagari script form of api
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[1], page 6; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     या च पन सक्कतगन्थेसु समञ्ञा घोसाति वाघोसाति वा ता पयोगे सति एत्थापि पयुज्जते

     Yā ca pana sakkataganthesu samaññā ghosāti vāghosāti vā tā payoge sati etthāpi payujjate.

     And moreover that designation either 'voiced' or 'unvoiced' which is in Sanskrit texts is applied even here when there is occasion.

Conjunction

अपि (api)

1. Devanagari script form of api (“even”)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অপি (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬧᬶ (Balinese script)
• অপি (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰢𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀧𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• အပိ (Burmese script)
• અપિ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਪਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌪𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦥꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂣𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಪಿ (Kannada script)
• អបិ (Khmer script)
• ອປິ (Lao script)
• അപി (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᢒᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘢𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢒᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧂𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐥𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଅପି (Odia script)
• ꢂꢦꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆥𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖢𑖰 (Siddham script)
• අපි (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩰𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚞𑚮 (Takri script)
• அபி (Tamil script)
• అపి (Telugu script)
• อปิ (Thai script)
• ཨ་པི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒣𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨞𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hápi, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hápi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi. See also its usage as a prefix अपि- (api-). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐπῐ́ (epí) and English by.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́.pi/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɐ.pi/

Adverb

अपि • (ápi)

1. and, also, moreover, besides, assuredly, surely
2. suppose that, perhaps
3. often, also, very (often merely emphasizes or expletive)

   अन्यद् अपि

   anyad api

   also another, something more

4. placed after an interrogative to make it an indefinite
5. imparts a sense of totality when placed after numerals

   चतुर्णाम् अपि वर्णानाम्

   caturṇām api varṇānām

   of all the four castes

6. at the start of a sentence, create an interrogative from a declarative sentence
7. please (may strengthen the original force of the potential mood or may soften the imperative mood)

For its usage in composition, see अपि- (api-).

Usage notes

Used commonly in the following combinations:

• अद्यापि (adyāpi, “this very day, even now”)
• अपि तु (api tu, “but, but yet”)
• अपिच (apica, “as well as”)
• अप्य् अपि (apy api, “as well as”)
• कुत्रापि (“anywhere”)
• को ऽपि (ko ʼpi, “anyone”)
• तथापि (tathāpi, “even thus, notwithstanding”)
• न नचपि (na nacapi, “neither, nor”)
• न वापि (na vāpi, “neither, nor”)
• नापि वा (“neither, nor”)
• यद्यपि (yadyapi, “even if, although”)

 

Descendants

Descendants show loss of a- from apocopation or collision with अभि (abhi) (which is itself seen in later Sanskrit, for which see अपि- (api-)).

• Pali: api, pi
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺 (pi)
  • Prakrit: 𑀧𑀺 (pi)
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀯𑀺 (avi), 𑀯𑀺 (vi)
  • Northeastern:
    • Punjabi: ਵੀ (vī)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Old Gujarati: अवि (avi)
    • Old Hindi:
      • Hindi: भी (bhī)
      • Urdu: بھی (bhī)

See also descendants of किंचिद् (kiṃcid) or यद्यपि (yadyapi).

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “अपि”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 55/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 86
• “अपि” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 30.