पा

See also: -पा

Hindi

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pɑː/, [päː]

Verb

पा • (pā)

1. inflection of पाना (pānā):
   1. stem
   2. second-person singular intimate present imperative

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পা (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬵ (Balinese script)
• পা (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ပါ (Burmese script)
• પા (Gujarati script)
• ਪਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಪಾ (Kannada script)
• បា (Khmer script)
• ປາ (Lao script)
• പാ (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠠ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐵 (Newa script)
• ପା (Odia script)
• ꢦꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖯 (Siddham script)
• පා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚭 (Takri script)
• பா (Tamil script)
• పా (Telugu script)
• ปา (Thai script)
• པཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɑː/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-

Sanskrit पा (pā)

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”); Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pādiy), Latin pascō (“to feed, maintain”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, “guard”), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.

Root

पा • (pā)

1. to watch, keep, preserve
2. to protect from, defend against
3. to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern
4. to observe, notice, attend to, follow

Derived terms

• अपासीत् (apāsīt)
• पपौ (papau)
• पाता (pātā)
• पाति (pāti)
• पातुम् (pātum)
• पात् (pāt)
• पान (pāna)
• पापाति (pāpāti)
• पापायते (pāpāyate)
• पापेति (pāpeti)
• पायात् (pāyāt)
• पालयति (pālayati)
• पासति (pāsati)
• पास्यति (pāsyati)
• पाहि (pāhi)
• पीपासति (pīpāsati)

 

• पात (pāta, “watched, protected”)
• पातव्य (pātavya, “to be guarded, protected”)
• पातृ (pātṛ, “protector, defender”)
• पान (pāna, “protection, defense”)
• पानीय (pānīya, “to be protected, preserved”)
• पावन् (pāvan, “protecting”)

 

Adjective

पा • (pā) stem

1. keeping, protecting, guarding, etc.

Declension

Masculine ā-stem declension of पा (pā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Vocative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Accusative	पाम् pām	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभिः pābhiḥ
Dative	पे pe	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Ablative	पः paḥ	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Genitive	पः paḥ	पोः poḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām²
Locative	पि pi	पोः poḥ	पासु pāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

Feminine i-stem declension of पि (pi)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पिः piḥ	पी pī	पयः payaḥ
Vocative	पे pe	पी pī	पयः payaḥ
Accusative	पिम् pim	पी pī	पीः pīḥ
Instrumental	प्या / पी¹ pyā / pī¹	पिभ्याम् pibhyām	पिभिः pibhiḥ
Dative	पये / प्यै² / पी¹ paye / pyai² / pī¹	पिभ्याम् pibhyām	पिभ्यः pibhyaḥ
Ablative	पेः / प्याः² / प्यै³ peḥ / pyāḥ² / pyai³	पिभ्याम् pibhyām	पिभ्यः pibhyaḥ
Genitive	पेः / प्याः² / प्यै³ peḥ / pyāḥ² / pyai³	प्योः pyoḥ	पीनाम् pīnām
Locative	पौ / प्याम्² / पा¹ pau / pyām² / pā¹	प्योः pyoḥ	पिषु piṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

Neuter ā-stem declension of पा (pā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Vocative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Accusative	पाम् pām	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभिः pābhiḥ
Dative	पे pe	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Ablative	पः paḥ	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Genitive	पः paḥ	पोः poḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām²
Locative	पि pi	पोः poḥ	पासु pāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

Noun

पा • (pā) stem, f

1. guarding, protecting

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of पा (pā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Vocative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Accusative	पाम् pām	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभिः pābhiḥ
Dative	पे pe	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Ablative	पः paḥ	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Genitive	पः paḥ	पोः poḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām²
Locative	पि pi	पोः poḥ	पासु pāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 573/2, 613/2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 096
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 112-3

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-

Sanskrit पा (pā)

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).

Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (“drinking together”); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (“beer”). Also compare the noun पात्र (pātra, “drinking vessel, goblet”).

Root

पा • (pā)

1. to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow
2. (figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)
3. to drink up, exhaust, absorb
4. to drink intoxicating liquors

Derived terms

• अपात् (apāt)
• अपीप्यत् (apīpyat)
• अपुः (apuḥ)
• पपाथ (papātha)
• पपान (papāna)
• पपान (papāna)
• पपिथ (papitha)
• पपिरे (papire)
• पपिवस् (papivas)
• पपीयात् (papīyāt)
• पपे (pape)
• पपौ (papau)
• पातवे (pātave)
• पातवै (pātavai)
• पाता (pātā)
• पाति (pāti)
• पातुम् (pātum)
• पाथस् (pāthas)
• पान्ति (pānti)
• पायम् (pāyam)
• पाययति (pāyayati)
• पाययते (pāyayate)
• पाययाम् (pāyayām)
• पाययितवै (pāyayitavai)
• पाययित्वा (pāyayitvā)
• पास्यति (pāsyati)
• पास्यते (pāsyate)
• पिपति (pipati)
• पिपान (pipāna)
• पिपाययिषति (pipāyayiṣati)
• पिपासति (pipāsati)
• पिपीषति (pipīṣati)
• पिबति (pibati)
• पिबते (pibate)
• पिबध्यै (pibadhyai)
• पीत्वा (pītvā)
• पीत्वी (pītvī)
• पीयते (pīyate)
• पेपीयते (pepīyate)
• पेपीयमान (pepīyamāna)
• पेयास् (peyās)

 

Adjective

पा • (pā) stem

1. drinking, quaffing, etc.

Declension

Masculine ā-stem declension of पा (pā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Vocative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Accusative	पाम् pām	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभिः pābhiḥ
Dative	पे pe	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Ablative	पः paḥ	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Genitive	पः paḥ	पोः poḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām²
Locative	पि pi	पोः poḥ	पासु pāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

Feminine i-stem declension of पि (pi)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पिः piḥ	पी pī	पयः payaḥ
Vocative	पे pe	पी pī	पयः payaḥ
Accusative	पिम् pim	पी pī	पीः pīḥ
Instrumental	प्या / पी¹ pyā / pī¹	पिभ्याम् pibhyām	पिभिः pibhiḥ
Dative	पये / प्यै² / पी¹ paye / pyai² / pī¹	पिभ्याम् pibhyām	पिभ्यः pibhyaḥ
Ablative	पेः / प्याः² / प्यै³ peḥ / pyāḥ² / pyai³	पिभ्याम् pibhyām	पिभ्यः pibhyaḥ
Genitive	पेः / प्याः² / प्यै³ peḥ / pyāḥ² / pyai³	प्योः pyoḥ	पीनाम् pīnām
Locative	पौ / प्याम्² / पा¹ pau / pyām² / pā¹	प्योः pyoḥ	पिषु piṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit ³Brāhmaṇas

Neuter ā-stem declension of पा (pā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Vocative	पाः pāḥ	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः pāḥ
Accusative	पाम् pām	पौ / पा¹ pau / pā¹	पाः / पः² pāḥ / paḥ²
Instrumental	पा pā	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभिः pābhiḥ
Dative	पे pe	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Ablative	पः paḥ	पाभ्याम् pābhyām	पाभ्यः pābhyaḥ
Genitive	पः paḥ	पोः poḥ	पानाम् / पाम्² pānām / pām²
Locative	पि pi	पोः poḥ	पासु pāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Perhaps

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0612/3.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “पा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 095
• Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “पा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 113-114

• Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 255
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 462
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “0839”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 0839

Etymology 3

Probably related to Hittite [script needed] (pippa-, “to overturn”), [script needed] (pa-i-mi-, “goes”). Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.

Root

पा • (pā)

1. to rise against, be hostile

Derived terms

• उत्पा (utpā)
• पीपीते (pīpīte)

 

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1330/2.
• William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 096
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 114