पा
See also: -पा
Hindi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Hindi) IPA(key): /pɑː/, [päː]
Verb
[edit]पा • (pā)
- inflection of पाना (pānā):
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- পা (Assamese script)
- ᬧᬵ (Balinese script)
- পা (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ပါ (Burmese script)
- પા (Gujarati script)
- ਪਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಪಾ (Kannada script)
- បា (Khmer script)
- ປາ (Lao script)
- പാ (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠠᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑐵 (Newa script)
- ପା (Odia script)
- ꢦꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖯 (Siddham script)
- පා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚭 (Takri script)
- பா (Tamil script)
- పా (Telugu script)
- ปา (Thai script)
- པཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-
Sanskrit पा
From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”); Cognate with Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (pādiy), Latin pascō (“to feed, maintain”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀕 (po-me). Probably not related to पाल (pāla, “guard”), despite popular folk etymology; see there for more.[1][2]
Root
[edit]पा • (pā)
- to watch, keep, preserve
- to protect from, defend against
- to protect (a country), i.e. rule, govern
- to observe, notice, attend to, follow
Derived terms
[edit]Primary verbal forms
Secondary forms
Non-finite forms
Derived nominal forms
Sometimes given with पालयति (pāláyati) as causative.
Adjective
[edit]पा • (pā́) stem
- keeping, protecting, guarding, etc.
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पाः (pā́ḥ) | पौ (páu) पा¹ (pā́¹) |
पाः (pā́ḥ) |
| accusative | पाम् (pā́m) | पौ (páu) पा¹ (pā́¹) |
पाः (pā́ḥ) पः² (páḥ²) |
| instrumental | पा (pā́) | पाभ्या॑म् (pā́bhyām) | पाभिः॑ (pā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | पे (pé) | पाभ्या॑म् (pā́bhyām) | पाभ्यः॑ (pā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पः (páḥ) | पाभ्या॑म् (pā́bhyām) | पाभ्यः॑ (pā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पः (páḥ) | पोः (póḥ) | पाना॑म् (pā́nām) पाम्² (pā́m²) |
| locative | पि (pí) | पोः (póḥ) | पासु॑ (pā́su) |
| vocative | पाः (pā́ḥ) | पौ (páu) पा¹ (pā́¹) |
पाः (pā́ḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Perhaps
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पाः (pā́ḥ) | पौ (páu) पा¹ (pā́¹) |
पाः (pā́ḥ) |
| accusative | पाम् (pā́m) | पौ (páu) पा¹ (pā́¹) |
पाः (pā́ḥ) पः² (páḥ²) |
| instrumental | पा (pā́) | पाभ्या॑म् (pā́bhyām) | पाभिः॑ (pā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | पे (pé) | पाभ्या॑म् (pā́bhyām) | पाभ्यः॑ (pā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पः (páḥ) | पाभ्या॑म् (pā́bhyām) | पाभ्यः॑ (pā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पः (páḥ) | पोः (póḥ) | पाना॑म् (pā́nām) पाम्² (pā́m²) |
| locative | पि (pí) | पोः (póḥ) | पासु॑ (pā́su) |
| vocative | पाः (pā́ḥ) | पौ (páu) पा¹ (pā́¹) |
पाः (pā́ḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Perhaps
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पाः (pā́ḥ) | पौ (páu) पा¹ (pā́¹) |
पाः (pā́ḥ) |
| accusative | पाम् (pā́m) | पौ (páu) पा¹ (pā́¹) |
पाः (pā́ḥ) पः² (páḥ²) |
| instrumental | पा (pā́) | पाभ्या॑म् (pā́bhyām) | पाभिः॑ (pā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | पे (pé) | पाभ्या॑म् (pā́bhyām) | पाभ्यः॑ (pā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पः (páḥ) | पाभ्या॑म् (pā́bhyām) | पाभ्यः॑ (pā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पः (páḥ) | पोः (póḥ) | पाना॑म् (pā́nām) पाम्² (pā́m²) |
| locative | पि (pí) | पोः (póḥ) | पासु॑ (pā́su) |
| vocative | पाः (pā́ḥ) | पौ (páu) पा¹ (pā́¹) |
पाः (pā́ḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Perhaps
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]पा • (pā) stem, f
- guarding, protecting
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पाः (pāḥ) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) |
| accusative | पाम् (pām) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) पः² (paḥ²) |
| instrumental | पा (pā) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभिः (pābhiḥ) |
| dative | पे (pe) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पः (paḥ) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पः (paḥ) | पोः (poḥ) | पानाम् (pānām) पाम्² (pām²) |
| locative | पि (pi) | पोः (poḥ) | पासु (pāsu) |
| vocative | पाः (pāḥ) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Perhaps
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “PĀ1”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 112
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “pā [1]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 377
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 573/2, 613/2.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
Etymology 2
[edit]Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-
Sanskrit पा
From Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek πόσις (pósis) whence symposium (“drinking together”); Latin pōtō whence English potion and poison; Proto-Slavic *pivo (“beer”).[1][2]
Root
[edit]पा • (pā)
- to drink, quaff, suck, sip, swallow
- (figuratively) to imbibe, draw in, appropriate, enjoy, feast upon (with the eyes, ears, etc.)
- to drink up, exhaust, absorb
- to drink intoxicating liquors
Derived terms
[edit]Primary verbal forms
Secondary forms
Non-finite forms
- पी॒त (pītá, past participle)
- पातुम् (pātum, infinitive)
- पात॑वे (pā́tave, infinitive)
- पात॒वै (pā́tavái, infinitive)
- पिब॑ध्यै (píbadhyai, infinitive)
- पी॒त्वा (pītvā́, gerund)
- पी॒त्वी (pītvī́, gerund)
- पायम् (pāyam, gerund)
- पेय (peya, gerundive)
- पातव्य (pātavya, gerundive)
- पानीय (pānīya, gerundive)
- पाय॑यि॒त॒वै (pā́yayitavái, causative infinitive)
Derived nominal forms
Prefixed root forms
पात्र (pā́tra, “bowl, vessel, cup”) is often also considered to belong here, but this might not be etymologically accurate.
Adjective
[edit]पा • (pā) stem
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पाः (pāḥ) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) |
| accusative | पाम् (pām) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) पः² (paḥ²) |
| instrumental | पा (pā) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभिः (pābhiḥ) |
| dative | पे (pe) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पः (paḥ) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पः (paḥ) | पोः (poḥ) | पानाम् (pānām) पाम्² (pām²) |
| locative | पि (pi) | पोः (poḥ) | पासु (pāsu) |
| vocative | पाः (pāḥ) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Perhaps
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पाः (pāḥ) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) |
| accusative | पाम् (pām) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) पः² (paḥ²) |
| instrumental | पा (pā) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभिः (pābhiḥ) |
| dative | पे (pe) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पः (paḥ) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पः (paḥ) | पोः (poḥ) | पानाम् (pānām) पाम्² (pām²) |
| locative | पि (pi) | पोः (poḥ) | पासु (pāsu) |
| vocative | पाः (pāḥ) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Perhaps
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | पाः (pāḥ) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) |
| accusative | पाम् (pām) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) पः² (paḥ²) |
| instrumental | पा (pā) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभिः (pābhiḥ) |
| dative | पे (pe) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | पः (paḥ) | पाभ्याम् (pābhyām) | पाभ्यः (pābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | पः (paḥ) | पोः (poḥ) | पानाम् (pānām) पाम्² (pām²) |
| locative | पि (pi) | पोः (poḥ) | पासु (pāsu) |
| vocative | पाः (pāḥ) | पौ (pau) पा¹ (pā¹) |
पाः (pāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Perhaps
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “PĀ2”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 113
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “pā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 378
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 612, column 3.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “पा”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 95
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “पा”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 255
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 462
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 839
Etymology 3
[edit]Probably related to Hittite [script needed] (pippa-, “to overturn”), [script needed] (pa-i-mi-, “goes”); a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *peH- (“to rise against”) may be reconstructed.[1] More recent theories refine the reconstruction of the root as *(s)peh₂- (“to draw, set in motion”), and additionally adduce Ancient Greek σπάω (spáō, “to draw a sword”) as cognate.[2]
Burrow and Whitney's derivations of the root as a semantic specialization of Etymology 2 ("to drink") are less likely.[3]
Root
[edit]पा • (pā)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “pā [3]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 378
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “σπάω, σπάομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1378
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “PĀ3”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 114
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “पा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1330, column 2.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 96
Categories:
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi non-lemma forms
- Hindi verb forms
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂-
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit roots
- Sanskrit roots in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit ā-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit ā-stem nouns
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit feminine nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₃-