四川

Chinese

		four	river; creek; plain river; creek; plain; an area of level country; Sichuan province (abbrev.)
simp. and trad. (四川)		四	川
Literally: “four mountain passes”.

Etymology

In 757 CE, Tang dynasty set two administrative regions known as 劍南西川 (“west plain to the south of Jianmen Pass”) and 劍南東川 (“east plain to the south of Jianmen Pass”) in what is now the middle part of Sichuan Province. In 10th century, Song dynasty set 西川路 (“west plain province”) and 峽路 (“gorge province”) in today's Chongqing City and the middle and eastern parts of Sichuan Province. In 1001 CE, Song dynasty redivided these two provinces into four, collectively known as 川峽四路 (“four provinces of plains and gorges”) or abbreviated as 四川 (Sìchuān), giving rise to its modern name.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): Sìchuān

  (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄔㄨㄢ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Si⁴ cuan¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sei³ cyun¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu¹ cun¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Si-chhôn

  (Hailu, HRS): si^ˇ chon^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xi⁴ con¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): Sé̤ṳ-chiŏng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): so⁴ coeng¹ / so⁴ cyoeng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Sù-chhoan / Sìr-chhoan / Sì-chhoan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): si³ cuêng¹ / si³ cuang¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵sy-tshoe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Sìchuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄔㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Sìhchuan
    • Wade–Giles: Ssŭ⁴-chʻuan¹
    • Yale: Sz̀-chwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Syhchuan
    • Palladius: Сычуань (Syčuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu̯än⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: Si⁴ cuan¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Scuan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²¹³ t͡sʰuan⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sei³ cyun¹
    • Yale: sei chyūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sei³ tsyn¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: séi³ qun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sei̯³³ t͡sʰyːn⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lhu¹ cun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬu³³ t͡sʰun³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Si-chhôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: xi con^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xi⁴ con¹
    • Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵ t͡sʰon²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: si^ˇ chon^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /si¹¹ t͡ʃʰon⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xi⁴ con¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕi⁵³ t͡sʰɔn⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Sé̤ṳ-chiŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡sʰ-)ʒuoŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: so⁴ coeng¹ [Phonetic: so¹ loeng¹]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Seo̍-che̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬo⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡sʰ-)lœŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: so⁴ cyoeng¹ [Phonetic: so¹ lyoeng¹]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬo⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡sʰ-)lyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sù-chhoan
    • Tâi-lô: Sù-tshuan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suozhoafn
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /su²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰuan⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sìr-chhoan
    • Tâi-lô: Sìr-tshuan
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰuan³³/
  • (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sì-chhoan
    • Tâi-lô: Sì-tshuan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siezhoafn
    • Sinological IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰuan³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: si³ cuêng¹ / si³ cuang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì tshueng / sì tshuang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰueŋ³³/, /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰuaŋ³³/

Note:

• si3 cuêng1 - Chaozhou;
• si3 cuang1 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵sy-tshoe
    • MiniDict: sy^去 tshoe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sr-tshoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩³³ t͡sʰø⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: sijH tsyhwen

Rime
Character	四	川
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	息利切	昌緣切
Baxter	sijH	tsyhwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪH/	/t͡ɕʰiuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/siH/	/t͡ɕʰʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/sjɪH/	/t͡ɕʰjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siH/	/cʰwian/
Li Rong	/siH/	/t͡ɕʰiuɛn/
Wang Li	/siH/	/t͡ɕʰĭwɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/siH/	/t͡ɕʰi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sì	chuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si3	cyun1

Proper noun

四川

1. (～省) Sichuan (a province in central China)

Derived terms

• 四川盆地 (Sìchuān Péndì)
• 四川胡椒 (Sìchuān hújiāo)
• 四川草
• 四川菜
• 四川話 / 四川话 (Sìchuānhuà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (四川):

• → Japanese: 四(し)川(せん) (Shisen)
• → Korean: 사천(四川) (Sacheon)
• → Vietnamese: Tứ Xuyên (四川)

→ Catalan: Sichuan

→ English: Sichuan, Szechuan, Szechwan

→ French: Sichuan, Sétchouan

→ Korean: 쓰촨 (Sseuchwan)

→ Manchu: ᠰᡟᠴᡠᠸᠠᠨ (sycuwan)

→ Portuguese: Sichuan, Setsuan, Szechwan, Sujuão

→ Russian: Сычуа́нь (Syčuánʹ), сычуа́нец (syčuánec)

→ Spanish: Sichuán

→ Zhuang: Swconh

Japanese

Kanji in this term
四	川
し Grade: 1	せん Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しせん [shíꜜsèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕisẽ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

四(し)川(せん) • (Shisen) 

1. Sichuan (a province in central China)

Derived terms

• 四(し)川(せん)語(ご) (Shisengo)

Korean

Hanja in this term
四	川

Proper noun

四川 • (Sacheon) (hangeul 사천)

1. hanja form^? of 사천 : Sichuan (a province in central China)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
四	川

Proper noun

四川

1. chữ Hán form of Tứ Xuyên: Sichuan (a province in central China)