坪

Translingual

Han character

坪 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土一火十 (GMFJ), four-corner 4114₉, composition ⿰土平)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4976
• Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 34
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 430, character 9
• Unihan data for U+576A

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		坪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (平) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
平	*ben, *beŋ
怦	*pʰreːŋ
砰	*pʰreːŋ
抨	*pʰreːŋ
閛	*pʰreːŋ
伻	*pʰreːŋ
評	*beŋ, *beŋs
坪	*beŋ
苹	*beŋ
枰	*beŋ, *beŋs
泙	*beŋ
蚲	*beŋ
胓	*beŋ
匉	*pʰreːŋ
萍	*beːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): píng (ping²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ping⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phiàng / phìn
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phêng / phiâⁿ / pîⁿ / pêⁿ / phîⁿ / phêⁿ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: píng
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: píng
    • Wade–Giles: pʻing²
    • Yale: píng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyng
    • Palladius: пин (pin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ping⁴
    • Yale: pìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ping⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ping⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɪŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phiàng / phìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: piangˇ / pinˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: piang² / pin²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi̯aŋ¹¹/, /pʰin¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêng
    • Tâi-lô: phîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pheeng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pʰiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪŋ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiâⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: phiânn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phviaa
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiã²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pʰiã²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiã¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: pînn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvii
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /pĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: pênn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvee
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phîⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: phînn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phvii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰĩ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: phênn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phvee
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɛ̃¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰẽ²³/

Note:

• phêng - literary;
• phiâⁿ/pîⁿ/pêⁿ/phîⁿ/phêⁿ - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: bjaeng

Rime
Character	坪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符兵切
Baxter	bjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/biaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biajŋ/
Li Rong	/biɐŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	píng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ping4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*beŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坪
Reading #	1/1
No.	9820
Phonetic component	平
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	平
Old Chinese	/*beŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 坪

1. plain (especially used in a place name); flatland; level ground; terrace
2. (Taiwan) a traditional unit of areal measure equal to a square six 尺 (chǐ) on each side, approximately 3.306 square meters or 35.57 square feet

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #3717”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Kanji

坪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: びょう (byō)
• Kan-on: へい (hei)
• Kun: つぼ (tsubo, 坪, Jōyō)

Usage notes

The on'yomi are not used in modern Japanese.

Etymology

Kanji in this term
坪
つぼ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Cognate with 壺 (tsubo, “basin”). The current meaning related to area arose from the way a surrounded area with the base or floor lower than the circumference looks like a basin.

Although the reading is different, this areal measurement meaning for 坪 is shared in common with the terms 평 (坪, pyeong) in Korean and 坪 (pe⁵) in Taiwanese.

Noun

坪(つぼ) • (tsubo) 

1. A unit of areal measure, traditionally a square six 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese unit of length, roughly equivalent to the English foot) per side, equivalent to the area covered by two standard-sized tatami mats. In modern usage, standardized at 3.306 square metres.

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Korean

Hanja

坪 • (pyeong) (hangeul 평, revised pyeong, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏng, Yale phyeng)

1. pyeong, a traditional unit of measurement
2. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 坪 (bình)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation