境

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

境 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土卜廿山 (GYTU), four-corner 4011₆, composition ⿰土竟)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 237, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5409
• Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 482, character 6
• Unihan data for U+5883

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		境
alternative forms		㘫 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 境
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
滰	*ɡaŋʔ
境	*kraŋʔ
竟	*kraŋs
鏡	*kraŋs
獍	*kraŋs
樈	*ɡraŋ
璄	*qraŋʔ
摬	*qraŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 境

1. border; boundary; frontier
2. place; area; region
3. condition; situation

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

境

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: さかい (sakai, 境, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 難境(なんきょう) (nankyō): difficult situation, difficult circumstances
• 越境(えっきょう) (ekkyō): crossing a border (of a country or territory)
• 環境(かんきょう) (kankyō): The environment, an environment

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
境
きょう Grade: 5
on'yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 境 (kjæng^X).

Noun

境(きょう) • (kyō) ^{←きやう (kyau)?}

1. region, environment
2. mental state
3. (Buddhism) something that can be perceived with the mind or senses

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
境
さかい Grade: 5
kun'yomi

/sakapi/ → /sakaɸi/ → /sakahi/ → /sakai/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of obsolete verb 境う (sakau, “to divide, to form a boundary between things”).

Some sources further derive the verb as Old Japanese element 境 (saka, “division, border, boundary”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu) indicating repetition or ongoing state. However, given the semantics, this could also be analyzed as the repetitive or ongoing aspect of Old Japanese-derived verb saku with an underlying meaning of “to split apart, to separate, to put distance between”, spelled variously as 割く, 裂く, 離く, or 放く, and cognate with 咲く (saku, “to bloom”, from the idea of the blooms splitting open), 栄える (sakaeru, “to prosper”, extended from the bloom sense), 盛ん (sakan, “prospering, fluorishing”).

Alternative forms

• 界 (less common)

Noun

境(さかい) • (sakai) ^{←さかひ (sakafi)?}

1. border, boundary, limits

Proper noun

境(さかい) • (Sakai) ^{←さかひ (sakafi)?}

1. a surname

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Korean

Hanja

境 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 境 (cảnh)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.