鏡
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See also: 镜
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
鏡 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜廿山 (CYTU), four-corner 80116, composition ⿰釒竟)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 1320, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40812
- Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4250, character 10
- Unihan data for U+93E1
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 鏡 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 镜 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𰽟 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 鏡 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraŋs): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).
Etymology[edit]
Probably cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright”), 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Gong (2019) identifies the unknown preinitial *C in the reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014) with *s based on evidence from Old Vietnamese, and further posits that it is an instrumental noun derived by prefixation of *s- to the verb 映 (OC *qraŋs, “to reflect”), which is itself a denominal derived from 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow; image”).
Alternatively, it may be derived from 亮 (OC *raŋs, “to shine”) with the nominalising *k- prefix (Schuessler, 2007; apud Baxter, p.c.).
STEDT compares 鏡, 景 and 亮, among others, to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).
This word is relatively late and is perhaps re-etymologized from the nearly identical earlier word 監 (OC *kraːms), 鑑 (OC *kraːms, “mirror”) (Schuessler, 2007), which Wang (1982) treats as cognate. Gong (2019) considers 鏡 to be an unrelated neologism replacing 鑑.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
鏡
- (now in compounds or dialectal) mirror; reflecting glass (Classifier: 塊／块 c)
- (physics, in compounds) lens; -scope
- (in compounds) spectacles; glasses
- † to mirror; to reflect
- † to perceive; to observe clearly
- † to use for reference; to draw lessons from
- † clear
- a surname
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 鏡
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Descendants[edit]
Others:
References[edit]
- “鏡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
| Shinjitai | 鏡 | |
| Kyūjitai [1][2] |
鏡󠄂 鏡+ 󠄂?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
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| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji[edit]
鏡
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
- Kan-on: けい (kei)
- Kun: かがみ (kagami, 鏡, Jōyō); かんがみる (kangamiru, 鏡みる)
- Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); かがみ (kagami); かね (kane); とし (toshi); み (mi)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鏡 |
| かがみ Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 影 (kaga, ancient combining form of 影 (kage), “shadow; outline; figure; image”) + 見 (mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る (miru), “to see, to look at”).[3][4]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a mirror (smooth reflecting surface)
- 1999 March 6, “ミラージュ [Mirage]”, in Starter Box, Konami:
- 手にする鏡から仲間を呼び出すことのできる鳥のけもの。
- Te ni suru kagami kara nakama o yobidasu koto no dekiru tori no kemono.
- An avian beast that can call upon its companions from inside the mirror in its hands.
- 手にする鏡から仲間を呼び出すことのできる鳥のけもの。
- 1999 July 22, “アブソリューター [Absolutor]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
- 相手を鏡の中の世界に吸い込むことができる。
- Aite o kagami no naka no sekai ni suikomu koto ga dekiru.
- It can suck opponents into the world inside the mirror.
- 相手を鏡の中の世界に吸い込むことができる。
- Short for 鏡餅 (kagami mochi): a set of mochi rice cakes used in New Year celebrations
- Short for 鏡物 (kagamimono): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - (theater) Short for 鏡板 (kagami ita): the panel at the back of a noh stage that is painted with an image of an old pine tree
- the barrelhead or lid of a sake barrel
- 昨日、鏡を抜いた。
- Kinō, kagami o nuita.
- They removed the barrelhead yesterday. → They opened the saké barrel yesterday.
- 昨日、鏡を抜いた。
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 鑑 (kagami, “pattern, example”)
- 鏡いご (kagami igo, type of gelatin made from cooked-down seaweed used as a side dish during Obon in certain regions)
- 鏡ヶ池 (Kagamigaike)
- 鏡鞍 (kagamigura, a type of saddle)
- 鏡台 (kagamidai)
- 鏡立て (kagamitate)
- 鏡の家 (kagami no ie, “box or case for a mirror”)
- 鏡の奩 (kagami no su, “box or case for a mirror”)
- 鏡の間 (kagami no ma): in noh, a room or alcove behind the curtain and affixed with a mirror for players to check their appearance; a similar space in other theaters; a room with mirrors on all four walls, such as at Versailles
- 鏡板 (kagami ita): panel that forms the back wall of a noh stage and is traditionally painted with a picture of an old pine tree
- 鏡の松 (kagami no matsu): a painting of an old pine tree on the kagami ita that forms the back wall of a noh stage
- 鏡の御影 (kagami no miei): a depiction of a round window through which can be seen gods, spirits, or Buddhas
- 鏡開き (kagami-biraki)
- 鏡餅 (kagami mochi)
- 鏡物 (kagamimono)
- 合わせ鏡 (awase kagami)
- 今鏡 (Imakagami)
- 岩鏡 (iwakagami)
- 自惚れ鏡 (unubore kagami)
- 衣紋鏡 (emon kagami)
- お鏡, 御鏡 (o-kagami)
- 大鏡 (Ōkagami)
- 懐中鏡 (kaichū kagami)
- 浄玻璃の鏡 (jōhari no kagami)
- 空の鏡 (sora no kagami)
- 知恵の鏡 (chie no kagami)
- 手鏡 (tekagami)
- 共鏡, 友鏡 (tomokagami)
- 野守の鏡 (nomori no kagami)
- 初鏡 (hatsukagami)
- 鬢鏡 (binkagami)
- ビードロ鏡 (bīdoro kagami)
- 懐鏡 (futokoro kagami)
- 増鏡 (Masukagami)
- 真澄の鏡 (ma-sumi no kagami, “clear mirror”)
- 丸鏡, 円鏡 (marukagami)
- 水鏡 (mizukagami)
- 餠鏡 (mochii kagami)
- 八咫の鏡 (Yata no Kagami)
Idioms[edit]
Idioms
- 鏡は女の魂 (kagami wa onna no tamashii, “a mirror is a woman's soul”)
- 鏡が曇ると魂が曇る (kagami ga kumoru to tamashii ga kumoru, “if the looking glass is cloudy, so too is one's soul → (particularly regarding women) one's appearance is a reflection of one's psyche, and a disordered appearance indicates a disordered mind”)
- 鏡は重磨によって輝く (kagami wa jūma ni yotte kagayaku): "a mirror shines from heavy polishing" → practice makes perfect
- 鏡は容貌を見せ酒は心を現す (kagami wa katachi o mise, sake wa kokoro o arawasu, “a mirror shows one's appearance; alcohol brings out one's true thoughts → a metaphor for how drinking can lead to freer expression of what one really thinks”)
- 鏡に掛く (kagami ni kaku, “show in a mirror → extremely clear, extremely certain: as clear as day”)
- 鏡を掛く (kagami o kaku, “hang a mirror → to know something in detail as if looking at it in a mirror: to know something like the back of one's hand, to know something inside and out”)
- 月の鏡 (tsuki no kagami)
Proper noun[edit]
- a placename
- a surname
- a female given name
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鏡 |
| きょう Grade: 4 |
| goon |
/kjau/ → /kjɔː/ → /kjoː/
From Middle Chinese 鏡 (MC kˠiæŋH).
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Proper noun[edit]
- a female given name
- a surname
References[edit]
- ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 2198 (paper), page 1151 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- ^ 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1274 (paper), page 650 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
鏡 (eumhun 거울 경 (geoul gyeong))
Oki-No-Erabu[edit]
Kanji[edit]
鏡 (hiragana はがみ, romaji hagami)
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with Japanese 鏡 (kagami, “mirror”).
Noun[edit]
鏡 (hiragana はがみ, romaji hagami)
- a mirror
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
鏡
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 眼鏡 (ganchō)
Etymology[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鏡 |
| かがん Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with mainland Japanese 鏡 (kagami) and Kagoshima dialect 鏡 (kagan).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
鏡 (hiragana かがん, rōmaji kagan)
- a mirror
Derived terms[edit]
Old Japanese[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Originally a compound of 影 (kaga, combining form of 影 (kage2), “shadow; outline; figure; image”) + 見 (mi1, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る (mi1ru), “to see, to look at”).[1][2]
Noun[edit]
鏡 (kagami1) (kana かがみ)
- a mirror
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 90; also Man'yōshū, book 13, poem 3263)
- ...伊久比爾波加賀美袁加氣麻久比爾波麻多麻袁加氣...
- ...ikupi1 ni pa kagami1 wo kake2 ma-kupi1 ni pa ma-tama wo kake2...
- On the sacred stake a mirror is suspended; on the splendid stake splendid jewels are suspended.[3]
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3468),[4] text here
- 夜麻杼里乃乎呂能波都乎爾可賀美可家刀奈布倍美許曾奈爾与曾利鷄米
- yamado2ri no2 woro2 no2 patuwo ni kagami1 kake1 to1nau be2mi1 ko2so2 na ni yo2serike1me2
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 90; also Man'yōshū, book 13, poem 3263)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Descendants[edit]
- Japanese: 鏡 (kagami)
References[edit]
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 80
- ^ Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
鏡: Hán Nôm readings: kính, kẻng, gương, kiếng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Yonaguni[edit]
Kanji[edit]
鏡 (hiragana かか゚ん, romaji kaŋan)
Etymology[edit]
Cognate with Japanese 鏡 (kagami, “mirror”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
鏡 (hiragana かか゚ん, romaji kaŋan)
- a mirror
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