玻璃

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (玻璃)		玻	璃

Etymology

Borrowed from Pali phalika (“crystal”), from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika). Cognate with Thai ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k, “crystal”), Lao ຜະລຶກ (pha lưk), ຜະລິກະ (pha li ka), Khmer ផលិក (phɑlɨk).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bōli

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pô-lì
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): po-lê

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bo¹ li⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: bōli
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.lhi
    • IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
    • Yale: bō lēi, bō lèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: bo¹ léi¹, bo¹ léi⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/, /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

Note: bo1 lei4 - literary, rare.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pô-lì
    • Hakka Romanization System: bo´ liˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bo¹ li²
    • IPA: /po²⁴ li¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-lê
    • Tâi-lô: po-lê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poilee
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /po³³ le²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /po⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bo¹ li⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: po lî
    • IPA ^(key): /po³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /pʰuɑ  liᴇ/▼

Rime
Character	玻	璃
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	滂禾切	呂支切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuɑ/	/liᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰuɑ/	/liɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑ/	/ljɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwa/	/liə̆/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑ/	/lie/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑ/	/lǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuɑ/	/lie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pō	lí

Noun

玻璃

1. glass (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
2. generic term for any film material with glass-like transparency, such as cellophane, nylon, plastic, etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
3. (slang) gay

Derived terms

Derived terms from 玻璃

• 光學玻璃／光学玻璃
• 吸熱玻璃／吸热玻璃
• 吹玻璃
• 塑膠玻璃／塑胶玻璃
• 安全玻璃
• 嵌玻璃
• 強化玻璃／强化玻璃
• 彩繪玻璃／彩绘玻璃 (cǎihuì bōli)
• 彩色玻璃 (cǎisè bōli)
• 擋風玻璃／挡风玻璃 (dǎngfēng bōlí)
• 有機玻璃／有机玻璃 (yǒujī bōlí)
• 有色玻璃 (yǒusè bōli)
• 毛玻璃
• 水晶心肝玻璃人
• 水玻璃 (shuǐbōli)
• 泡沫玻璃
• 火玻璃
• 玻璃圈
• 玻璃天花板 (bōli tiānhuābǎn)
• 玻璃小鞋
• 玻璃布
• 玻璃帷幕
• 玻璃心 (bōlixīn)
• 玻璃心肝
• 玻璃杯 (bōlibēi)
• 玻璃泉

• 玻璃浮雕
• 玻璃液
• 玻璃烤
• 玻璃版 (bōlibǎn)
• 玻璃狀態／玻璃状态
• 玻璃畫／玻璃画
• 玻璃磚／玻璃砖
• 玻璃窗
• 玻璃粉
• 玻璃紙／玻璃纸 (bōlizhǐ)
• 玻璃絲／玻璃丝
• 玻璃絲襪／玻璃丝袜 (bōli sīwà)
• 玻璃纖維／玻璃纤维
• 玻璃質肥料／玻璃质肥料
• 玻璃鋼／玻璃钢 (bōlígāng)
• 玻璃骨 (bōlígǔ)
• 玻璃體／玻璃体 (bōlitǐ)
• 石英玻璃
• 硬玻璃
• 硼玻璃
• 磨砂玻璃
• 結晶玻璃／结晶玻璃
• 花窗玻璃 (huāchuāng bōli)
• 鈷玻璃／钴玻璃
• 鉛玻璃／铅玻璃
• 鋼化玻璃／钢化玻璃 (gānghuà bōli)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (玻璃):

• Japanese: 玻 (は)璃 (り) (hari)
• Korean: 파리 (玻璃, pari)
• Vietnamese: pha li (玻璃)

Others:

• → Vietnamese: pha lê

References

• Duffus, William, “glass” (p. 123) in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, English Presbyterian Mission Press, 1883.

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
玻	璃
は Hyōgaiji	り Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) は​り [háꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ha̠ɾʲi]

Noun

玻璃 (hiragana はり, rōmaji hari)

1. glass, crystal

Synonyms

• (more common) 硝子 (ガラス) (garasu): glass
• クリスタル (kurisutaru) (kurisutaru): crystal

Derived terms

• 玻 (は)璃 (り)器 (き) (hariki)
• 玻 (は)璃 (り)鏡 (きょう) (harikyō)
• 玻璃質 (はりしつ) (harishitsu)
• 玻璃長石 (はりちょうせき) (harichōseki)
• 玻 (は)璃 (り)版 (ばん) (hariban)