玻璃

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (玻璃)		玻	璃
alternative forms		玻玏 second round simplified

Etymology

Borrowed from Pali phalika (“crystal”), from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika). Cognate with Thai ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k, “crystal”), Lao ຜະລຶກ (pha lưk), ຜະລິກະ (pha li ka), Khmer ផលិក (phɑlɨk).

The definition of "gay person" is derived from BL.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): bōli, bōlí

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ, ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): bo¹ ni²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic): бәли (bəli, I-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): bo¹ li
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pô-lì
• Jin (Wiktionary): be¹ li³
• Min Dong (BUC): bŏ̤-là̤
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): po-lê

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bo¹ li⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): pu li (T1)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: bōli
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.lhi
    • Tongyong Pinyin: boli̊
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pwɔ⁵⁵ li²/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, former standard in Mainland, common variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: bōlí
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ㄌㄧˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boli
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bolí
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pwɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: bo¹ ni²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bo li
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵⁵ ni²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic: бәли (bəli, I-I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pə²⁴ li²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
    • Yale: bō lēi, bō lèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: bo¹ léi¹, bo¹ léi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/, /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

Note: bo1 lei4 - literary, rare.

• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: bo¹ li
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁴² li²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pô-lì
    • Hakka Romanization System: bo´ liˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bo¹ li²
    • Sinological IPA: /po²⁴ li¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: be¹ li³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /pɤ¹¹ li⁴⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bŏ̤-là̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵⁵ l̃ɛ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-lê
    • Tâi-lô: po-lê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poilee
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /po³³ le²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /po⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bo¹ li⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: po lî
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: pu li (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pv̩ʷ⁵⁵ li²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /pʰuɑ  liᴇ/

Rime
Character	玻	璃
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	滂禾切	呂支切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuɑ/	/liᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰuɑ/	/liɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑ/	/ljɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwa/	/liə̆/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑ/	/lie/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑ/	/lǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuɑ/	/lie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pō	lí

Noun

玻璃

1. glass (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
2. generic term for any film material with glass-like transparency, such as cellophane, nylon, plastic, etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
3. (Wuhan, humorous) eyeglasses; spectacles
4. (Sichuan, humorous) plain boiled water
5. (slang) gay person; male homosexual

Synonyms

• (glass): 琉璃 (liúlí)

Dialectal synonyms of 眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		靉靆, 眼鏡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		眼鏡
Mandarin	Beijing	眼鏡兒
	Taiwan	眼鏡
	Tianjin	眼鏡兒
	Harbin	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Jinan	眼鏡子, 鏡子
	Muping	眼鏡
	Luoyang	眼鏡兒, 二餅兒 derogatory
	Wanrong	眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 二柄子 derogatory
	Xi'an	眼鏡
	Zhengzhou	眼鏡
	Xining	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡兒子
	Xuzhou	二餅 humorous
	Yinchuan	眼鏡
	Lanzhou	眼鏡子, 鏡子, 二軲轆 humorous
	Ürümqi	眼鏡子, 鏡子
	Wuhan	眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 玻璃 humorous
	Huanggang	眼鏡兒
	Chengdu	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡
	Guiyang	眼鏡
	Guilin	眼鏡
	Liuzhou	眼鏡
	Yangzhou	眼鏡子
	Nanjing	眼鏡, 二餅 humorous
	Malaysia	眼鏡
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	眼鏡子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	眼鏡
	Hong Kong	眼鏡
	Foshan	眼鏡
	Shunde	眼鏡
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	眼鏡
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	眼鏡
	Taishan	眼鏡
	Kaiping (Chikan)	眼鏡
	Dongguan	眼鏡, 二文錢 dated
	Shaoguan	眼鏡
	Yunfu	眼鏡
	Xinyi	眼鏡
	Lianjiang	眼鏡
	Nanning	眼鏡
	Wuzhou	眼鏡
	Yulin	眼鏡
	Hepu	眼鏡
Gan	Nanchang	眼鏡子
	Lichuan	眼鏡
	Pingxiang	眼鏡
Hakka	Meixian	目鏡, 眼鏡
	Luchuan	眼鏡
	Yudu	眼鏡
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	目鏡, 眼枷仔 dated, 眼枷 dated
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	目鏡, 眼鏡, 眼枷仔, 眼枷
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	目鏡
	Dongshi (Dabu)	目鏡
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	目鏡
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	目鏡
Huizhou	Jixi	眼鏡
Jin	Taiyuan	眼鏡
	Xinzhou	眼鏡, 二餅子 derogatory
	Hohhot	眼鏡兒
Min Bei	Jian'ou	眼鏡
	Songxi	眼鏡
	Jianyang	眼鏡
Min Dong	Fuzhou	眼鏡
	Fuqing	眼鏡
	Gutian	眼鏡
	Ningde	眼鏡
	Zhouning	眼鏡
	Fuding	眼鏡
	Matsu	眼鏡
Min Nan	Xiamen	目鏡
	Quanzhou	目鏡
	Zhangzhou	目鏡
	Taipei	目鏡
	Kaohsiung	目鏡
	Tainan	目鏡
	Taichung	目鏡
	Wuqi	目鏡
	Hsinchu	目鏡
	Taitung	目鏡
	Lukang	目鏡
	Yilan	目鏡
	Magong	目鏡
	Penang (Hokkien)	目鏡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	目鏡
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	目鏡
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	眼鏡
	Chaozhou	目鏡
	Shantou	目鏡
	Haifeng	目鏡
	Leizhou	目鏡
	Wenchang	目鏡
	Haikou	目鏡
Puxian Min	Putian	目鏡
	Xianyou	目鏡
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	眼鏡, 眼枷
	Guilin (Dahe)	眼鏡子
Wu	Shanghai	眼鏡, 托力克
	Suzhou	眼鏡
	Hangzhou	眼鏡兒
	Wenzhou	眼鏡, 眼視鏡
	Chongming	眼鏡
	Danyang	眼鏡子
	Jinhua	眼鏡
	Ningbo	蔡眼
Xiang	Changsha	眼鏡
	Loudi	眼鏡
	Quanzhou	眼鏡

Derived terms

Derived terms from 玻璃

• 光學玻璃／光学玻璃
• 吸熱玻璃／吸热玻璃
• 吹玻璃
• 塑膠玻璃／塑胶玻璃
• 安全玻璃
• 嵌玻璃
• 強化玻璃／强化玻璃
• 彩繪玻璃／彩绘玻璃 (cǎihuì bōli)
• 彩色玻璃 (cǎisè bōli)
• 擋風玻璃／挡风玻璃 (dǎngfēng bōlí)
• 有機玻璃／有机玻璃 (yǒujī bōlí)
• 有色玻璃 (yǒusè bōli)
• 毛玻璃
• 水晶心肝玻璃人
• 水玻璃 (shuǐbōli)
• 泡沫玻璃
• 火玻璃
• 玻璃圈
• 玻璃天花板 (bōli tiānhuābǎn)
• 玻璃小鞋
• 玻璃布
• 玻璃帷幕
• 玻璃心 (bōlixīn)
• 玻璃心肝
• 玻璃杯 (bōlibēi)
• 玻璃泉

• 玻璃浮雕
• 玻璃液
• 玻璃烤
• 玻璃版 (bōlibǎn)
• 玻璃狀態／玻璃状态
• 玻璃畫／玻璃画
• 玻璃磚／玻璃砖
• 玻璃窗
• 玻璃粉
• 玻璃紙／玻璃纸 (bōlizhǐ)
• 玻璃絲／玻璃丝 (bōlisī)
• 玻璃絲襪／玻璃丝袜 (bōli sīwà)
• 玻璃纖維／玻璃纤维
• 玻璃質肥料／玻璃质肥料
• 玻璃鋼／玻璃钢 (bōlígāng)
• 玻璃骨 (bōlígǔ)
• 玻璃體／玻璃体 (bōlitǐ)
• 石英玻璃
• 硬玻璃
• 硼玻璃
• 磨砂玻璃
• 結晶玻璃／结晶玻璃
• 花窗玻璃 (huāchuāng bōli)
• 鈷玻璃／钴玻璃
• 鉛玻璃／铅玻璃
• 鋼化玻璃／钢化玻璃 (gānghuà bōli)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (玻璃):

• → Japanese: 玻璃(はり) (hari)
• → Korean: 파리 (玻璃, pari)
• → Vietnamese: pha li (玻璃)

Others:

• → Vietnamese: pha lê

References

• Duffus, William (1883), “glass”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 123

---

Japanese

Kanji in this term
玻	璃
は Hyōgaiji	り Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) は​り [háꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ha̠ɾʲi]

Noun

玻璃(はり) • (hari) 

1. glass, crystal

Synonyms

• (more common) 硝子(ガラス) (garasu): glass
• クリスタル (kurisutaru) (kurisutaru): crystal

Derived terms

• 玻(は)璃(り)器(き) (hariki)
• 玻(は)璃(り)鏡(きょう) (harikyō)
• 玻(は)璃(り)質(しつ) (harishitsu)
• 玻(は)璃(り)長(ちょう)石(せき) (harichōseki)
• 玻(は)璃(り)版(ばん) (hariban)