忸怩

Chinese

		accustomed to; blush; be shy	shy, timid, bashful; look ashamed
trad. (忸怩)		忸	怩
simp. #(忸怩)		忸	怩

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): niǔní

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄋㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nuk⁶ nei⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: niǔní
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˇ ㄋㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: niǒuní
    • Wade–Giles: niu³-ni²
    • Yale: nyǒu-ní
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neouni
    • Palladius: нюни (njuni)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: nuk⁶ nei⁴
    • Yale: nuhk nèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nuk⁹ nei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: nug⁶ néi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʊk̚² nei̯²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: nrjuwk nrij

Rime
Character	忸	怩
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	娘 (12)	娘 (12)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	女六切	女夷切
Baxter	nrjuwk	nrij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɳɨuk̚/	/ɳˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɳiuk̚/	/ɳᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/niuk̚/	/niɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɳuwk̚/	/ɳji/
Li Rong	/niuk̚/	/nji/
Wang Li	/nĭuk̚/	/ni/
Bernard Karlgren	/ni̯uk̚/	/ni/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nù	ní
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nuk6	nei4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*nuɡ  nil/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ní
Middle Chinese	‹ nrij ›
Old Chinese	/*nr[əj]/
English	ashamed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忸	怩
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	1531	9430
Phonetic component	丑	尼
Rime group	覺	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	肭	尼
Old Chinese	/*nuɡ/	/*nil/

Adjective

忸怩

1. bashful; shy; reserved
2. (dated) ashamed; embarrassed

   • 君忸怩，乃趣赦之。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Jūn niǔní, nǎi qù shè zhī. [Pinyin]

     The Duke, embarrassed, hurried off to have (the servant) released.

Synonyms

(shy; bashful):

• 畏小禮／畏小礼 (Teochew, Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 秘四 (Hokkien)
• 羞澀／羞涩 (xiūsè)
• 覕䟙／𰴕䟙 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 靦腆／䩄腆 (miǎntiǎn)
• 驚無藝／惊无艺 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
忸	怩
じく Hyōgaiji	じ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Adjective

忸(じく)怩(じ) • (jikuji) ^†-tari (adnominal 忸(じく)怩(じ)とした (jikuji to shita) or 忸(じく)怩(じ)たる (jikuji taru), adverbial 忸(じく)怩(じ)と (jikuji to) or 忸(じく)怩(じ)として (jikuji to shite))

1. bashful; shameful; ashamed

Adverb

忸(じく)怩(じ) • (jikuji) 

1. ashamedly

Usage notes

Used with と