慷

Translingual

Han character

慷 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈中水 (PILE), four-corner 9003₂, composition ⿰忄康)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 400, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11146
• Dae Jaweon: page 740, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2347, character 10
• Unihan data for U+6177

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Chinese

trad.		慷
simp. #		慷
alternative forms		忼 ancient & second round simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
唐	*ɡl'aːŋ
煻	*l'aːŋ
糖	*l'aːŋ
搪	*l'aːŋ
蓎	*l'aːŋ
瑭	*l'aːŋ
餹	*l'aːŋ
篖	*l'aːŋ
螗	*l'aːŋ
塘	*l'aːŋ
鶶	*l'aːŋ
赯	*l'aːŋ
磄	*l'aːŋ
溏	*l'aːŋ
傏	*l'aːŋ
鎕	*l'aːŋ
榶	*l'aːŋ
嵣	*l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs
庚	*kraːŋ
賡	*kraːŋ
鹒	*kraːŋ
康	*kʰlaːŋ
穅	*kʰlaːŋ
糠	*kʰlaːŋ
槺	*kʰlaːŋ
漮	*kʰlaːŋ
躿	*kʰlaːŋ
慷	*kʰlaːŋʔ

Originally written as 忼. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kāng (kang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hong¹ / hong² / kong²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khóng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kang
    • Wade–Giles: kʻang¹
    • Yale: kāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
    • Palladius: кан (kan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hong¹ / hong² / kong²
    • Yale: hōng / hóng / kóng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hong¹ / hong² / kong²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hong¹ / hong² / kong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ⁵⁵/, /hɔːŋ³⁵/, /kʰɔːŋ³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng
    • Tâi-lô: khóng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qorng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: khangX

Rime
Character	慷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦朗切
Baxter	khangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaŋX/
Li Rong	/kʰɑŋX/
Wang Li	/kʰɑŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慷
Reading #	1/1
No.	3987
Phonetic component	庚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	慷
Old Chinese	/*kʰlaːŋʔ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 慷

1. Only used in 慷慨 (kāngkǎi, “generous; impassioned; vehement”).

References

• “慷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

慷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. generous; magnanimous

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: いきどおる (ikidōru)

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Korean

Hanja

慷 (eum 강 (gang))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

慷: Hán Nôm readings: khảng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.