溺

See also: 尿

Translingual

Han character

溺 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水弓一一 (ENMM), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰氵弱)

Derived characters

• 𡀡, 𡣄, 𦡥, 𬉪

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 641, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17990
• Dae Jaweon: page 1048, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1710, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6EBA

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (弱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嫋	*neːwʔ
弱	*njewɢ
溺	*njewɢ, *neːwɢ
蒻	*njewɢ
搦	*rneːwɢ, *rnaːwɢ
愵	*neːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njewɢ, *neːwɢ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 弱 (OC *njewɢ).

Etymology 1

trad.		溺
simp. #		溺
alternative forms		㲻 氼

Schuessler (2007) proposes the following possibilities:

• Related to Burmese နစ် (nac, “to sink; to drown”), Burmese နှစ် (hnac, “to immerse”), but the vowels do not agree.
• Related to Burmese နှိုက်း (hnuik:, “to penetrate; to put one's hand into”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nì (ni⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nik⁶ / nik¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ni̍t
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nêg⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nì
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nì
    • Wade–Giles: ni⁴
    • Yale: nì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
    • Palladius: ни (ni)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: nik⁶ / nik¹
    • Yale: nihk / nīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nik⁹ / nik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: nig⁶ / nig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɪk̚²/, /nɪk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ni̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: nid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /nit̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lek
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ne̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nek̚⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 溺
Mandarin	Beijing	/ni⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ni⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ni⁵³/
	Jinan	/ȵi²¹/
	Qingdao	/ni⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ni³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ni²¹/
	Xining	/mji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ni¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ȵi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ȵie³¹/ /ȵi³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/ni³¹/
	Nanjing	/liʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/liəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ȵiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/niəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ni²²/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵi²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ȵi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/nit̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/nek̚²/
	Nanning	/nek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/nek̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/niʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ni²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/nek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/niɔk̚⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: nek

Rime
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	奴歷切
Baxter	nek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/nek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/nek̚/
Wang Li	/niek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/niek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤewk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*neːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nì
Middle Chinese	‹ nek ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁewk/
English	to sink in water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
No.	10952
Phonetic component	弱
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	惄
Old Chinese	/*neːwɢ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 溺

1. to drown
2. to indulge
3. a surname

Etymology 2

trad.		溺
simp. #		溺

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): niào (niao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): niu⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: niào
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: niào
    • Wade–Giles: niao⁴
    • Yale: nyàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niaw
    • Palladius: няо (njao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: niu⁶
    • Yale: niuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: niu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: niu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːu̯²²/

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• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə.nˤewk-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	niào
Middle Chinese	‹ newH ›
Old Chinese	/*kə.nˁewk-s/
English	urine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 溺

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 尿 (niào, “urine; to urinate”).

Etymology 3

trad.		溺
simp. #		溺

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ruò (ruo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ruò
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ruò
    • Wade–Giles: jo⁴
    • Yale: rwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruoh
    • Palladius: жо (žo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: nyak

Rime
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而灼切
Baxter	nyak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨak̚/
Li Rong	/ȵiak̚/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ruò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joek6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njewɢ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
No.	10948
Phonetic component	弱
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	若
Old Chinese	/*njewɢ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 溺

1. ^‡ (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “name of a river”).
2. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “weak”).

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Japanese

Kanji

溺

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to drown

Readings

• On (unclassified): でき (deki, Jōyō)、じょう (jō)、にょう (nyō)
• Kun: おぼれる (oboreru, 溺れる, Jōyō)、いばり (ibari, 溺)

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Korean

Hanja

溺 • (nik>ik, nyo>yo) (hangeul 닉>익, 뇨>요, revised nik>ik, nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nik>ik, nyo>yo, Yale nik>ik, nyo>yo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

溺: Hán Nôm readings: nịch, niệu, nịu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation