芐

See also: 苄

Translingual

Han character

芐 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿一卜 (TMY), four-corner 4423₁, composition ⿱艹下)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1018, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30680
• Dae Jaweon: page 1476, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3174, character 10
• Unihan data for U+8290

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Chinese

trad.		芐
simp. #		芐

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (下) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
丅	*ɡraːʔ
下	*ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs
芐	*ɡraːs, *ɡaːʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːs, *ɡaːʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hù (hu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hù
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hù
    • Wade–Giles: hu⁴
    • Yale: hù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huh
    • Palladius: ху (xu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: huX, haeH

Rime
Character	芐	芐
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	侯古切	胡駕切
Baxter	huX	haeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuoX/	/ɦˠaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuoX/	/ɦᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣoX/	/ɣaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔX/	/ɦaɨH/
Li Rong	/ɣoX/	/ɣaH/
Wang Li	/ɣuX/	/ɣaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuoX/	/ɣaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hù	xià
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu6	haa6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤra-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːs/, /*ɡaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	芐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xià
Middle Chinese	‹ hæH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁra-s/
English	rush, sedge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	芐	芐
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13447	13448
Phonetic component	下	下
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	暇	戸
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːs/	/*ɡaːʔ/
Notes	見禮記

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 芐

1. ^† a kind of medicinal herb

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xià (xia⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xià
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sià
    • Wade–Giles: hsia⁴
    • Yale: syà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiah
    • Palladius: ся (sja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 芐

1. ^† mat woven from cattails
2. A surname.