虐

虐 U+2F9B3, 虐 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B3 ← 䕫 [U+2F9B2] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 虜 → [U+2F9B4]

Translingual

Han character

虐 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜心尸一 (YPSM), four-corner 2121₁, composition ⿸虍⿻匚一(GHTKV) or ⿸虍⿷匚一(J))

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1073, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32678
• Dae Jaweon: page 1540, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2820, character 5
• Unihan data for U+8650

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Chinese

trad.		虐
simp. #		虐
alternative forms		⿻匚一 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虐
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (虐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
虐	*ŋawɢ
瘧	*ŋawɢ
謔	*hŋawɢ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nüè (nüe⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joek⁶
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiog⁵
• Northern Min (KCR): ngiŏ̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gio̍k / ge̍k / gia̍k / lio̍k / gio̍h / jio̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiag⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nüè
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nyuè
    • Wade–Giles: nüeh⁴
    • Yale: nywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niueh
    • Palladius: нюэ (njue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ny̯ɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: joek⁶
    • Yale: yeuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngiog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋiɔk̚¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngiŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡiɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giak
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiak̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍h
    • Tâi-lô: gio̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gioih
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɤʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡioʔ⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: jio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiok
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /d͡ziɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngiag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngia̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiak̚⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 虐
Mandarin	Beijing	/nyɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/iau⁵³/ /nyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/niɑu⁵³/ /nye⁵³/
	Jinan	/yə²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/yo²¹/
	Xining	/ȵyu²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/nye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/yə¹³/ /miə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/yɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nio²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nyo³¹/
	Guiyang	/nio²¹/
	Kunming	/nio³¹/
	Nanjing	/loʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ȵyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/niaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiɑʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/niɔ²²/
	Tunxi	/ȵio¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵio²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ȵio²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiok̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/ŋiok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jœk̚²/
	Nanning	/nœk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jœk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/giɔk̚⁵/ /liɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ŋyoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ŋiɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ŋiak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/niɔk̚³/

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• Middle Chinese: ngjak

Rime
Character	虐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚約切
Baxter	ngjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨak̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiak̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joek6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)awk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋawɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nüè
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjak ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)awk/
English	cruel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虐
Reading #	1/1
No.	9636
Phonetic component	虐
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	虐
Old Chinese	/*ŋawɢ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 虐

1. cruel; tyrannical; oppressive
2. to abuse; to maltreat
3. (literary) disaster; calamity, catastrophe

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Japanese

Kanji

虐

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)
• Kun: いじめる (ijimeru, 虐める)、しいたげる (shītageru, 虐げる, Jōyō)、そこなう (sokonau)

Compounds

• 虐殺(ぎゃくさつ) (gyakusatsu)

• 虐待(ぎゃくたい) (gyakutai)

• 残虐(ざんぎゃく) (zangyaku)

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Korean

Hanja

虐 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 虐 (ngược, ngước)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.