諶

See also: 谌

Translingual

Han character

諶 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口廿一女 (YRTMV), four-corner 0461₁, composition ⿰訁甚)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1171, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35739
• Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3994, character 2
• Unihan data for U+8AF6

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Chinese

trad.		諶
simp.		谌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諶
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湛	*ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	*l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	*kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁	*kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	*kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	*ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡljum) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chén, Shèn (chen², Shen⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ, ㄕㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sam⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chén
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chén
    • Wade–Giles: chʻên²
    • Yale: chén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
    • Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Shèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Shèn
    • Wade–Giles: Shên⁴
    • Yale: Shèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shenn
    • Palladius: Шэнь (Šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/

Note: Shèn - variant pronunciation for the surname (inferred using the youbian dubian method).

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sam⁴
    • Yale: sàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyim

Rime
Character	諶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	氏任切
Baxter	dzyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑim/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑim/
Li Rong	/ʑiəm/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.ɢ][u]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡljum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyim ›
Old Chinese	/*[t.ɢ][u]m/
English	reliable, to trust
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諶
Reading #	1/1
No.	11292
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	諶
Old Chinese	/*ɡljum/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 諶

1. to believe
2. devoted
3. indeed
4. a surname

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Japanese

Kanji

諶

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. sincere
2. faithful

Readings

• On (unclassified): しん (shin), じん (jin)
• Kun: まこと (makoto)

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Korean

Hanja

諶 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)

1. truth
2. to believe

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 諶 (kham, thầm, thòm, xầm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.