湛

湛 U+6E5B, 湛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E5B ← 湚 [U+6E5A] CJK Unified Ideographs 湜 → [U+6E5C]

Translingual

Han character

湛 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水廿一女 (ETMV), four-corner 3411₁, composition ⿰氵甚)

1. deep
2. profound
3. clear
4. tranquil, placid

References

• KangXi: page 637, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17846
• Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1667, character 6
• Unihan data for U+6E5B

Chinese

trad.		湛
simp. #		湛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 湛
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湛	*ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	*l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	*kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁	*kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	*kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	*ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhàn (zhan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zaam³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): zam¹

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chim / sîm / tam / tām

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zam⁶ / dam¹ / kam¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
    • Wade–Giles: chan⁴
    • Yale: jàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zaam³
    • Yale: jaam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zam³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːm³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: zam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim / sîm / tam / tām
    • Tâi-lô: tsim / sîm / tam / tām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cym, siim, dafm, dam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/, /ɕim²⁴/, /tam⁴⁴/, /tam²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕim³³/, /ɕim²⁴/, /tam³³/, /tam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/, /ɕim¹³/, /tam⁴⁴/, /tam²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/, /ɕim²⁴/, /tam⁴⁴/, /tam³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕim⁴⁴/, /ɕim²³/, /tam⁴⁴/, /tam³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zam⁶ / dam¹ / kam¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsăm / tam / kham
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam³⁵/, /tam³³/, /kʰam³³/

Note: kam1 - used in 湛江.

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɖˠɛm^X/

Rime
Character	湛
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	徒減切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠɛmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚæmX/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡɐmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖəɨmX/
Li Rong	/ȡɐmX/
Wang Li	/ȡɐmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaam6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*r'uːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湛
Reading #	2/3
No.	11280
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	湛
Old Chinese	/*r'uːmʔ/

Definitions

湛

1. profound

   精湛  ―  jīngzhàn  ―  consummate

2. clear
3. a surname

Compounds

• 深湛 (shēnzhàn)
• 清湛
• 湛寂
• 湛恩
• 湛新
• 湛明

• 湛河 (Zhànhé, “Zhanhe”)
• 湛湛
• 湛然
• 湛露
• 精湛 (jīngzhàn)

• 青湛湛
• 湛憂／湛忧
• 湛盧／湛卢
• 湛藍／湛蓝 (zhànlán)
• 藍湛湛／蓝湛湛 (lánzhànzhàn)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhàn, dān (zhan⁴, dan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˋ, ㄉㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daam¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
    • Wade–Giles: chan⁴
    • Yale: jàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dān
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dan
    • Wade–Giles: tan¹
    • Yale: dān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dan
    • Palladius: дань (danʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: daam¹
    • Yale: dāam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dam¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːm⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /tʌm/

Rime
Character	湛
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	丁含切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/təm/
Shao Rongfen	/tɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təm/
Li Rong	/tᴀm/
Wang Li	/tɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/tăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daam1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'uːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湛
Reading #	1/3
No.	11266
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	耽
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'uːm/

Definitions

湛

1. ^† happy; joyful

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chén (chen²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cam⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chén
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chén
    • Wade–Giles: chʻên²
    • Yale: chén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
    • Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cam⁴
    • Yale: chàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɖˠiɪm/

Rime
Character	湛
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直深切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖjim/
Li Rong	/ȡjəm/
Wang Li	/ȡĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cam4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'um/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湛
Reading #	3/3
No.	11290
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	沈
Old Chinese	/*l'um/

Definitions

湛

1. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Japanese

Kanji

湛

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

• Go-on: じん (jin)^{←ぢむ (dimu, historical)}; でん (den)^{←でむ (demu, historical)}; とん (ton)^{←とむ (tomu, historical)}
• Kan-on: たん (tan)^{←たむ (tamu, historical)}; ちん (chin)^{←ちむ (timu, historical)}
• Kun: しずむ (shizumu, 湛む); たたえる (tataeru, 湛える)

Korean

Hanja

湛 • (dam, chim) (hangeul 담, 침, revised dam, chim, McCune–Reischauer tam, ch'im, Yale tam, chim)

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Vietnamese

Han character

湛: Hán Nôm readings: đậm, giặm, sậm, sặm, thấm, trạm, xạm, xẩm

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