勘

勘 U+52D8, 勘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D8 ← 勗 [U+52D7] CJK Unified Ideographs 務 → [U+52D9]

Translingual

Han character

勘 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿女大尸 (TVKS), four-corner 4472₇, composition ⿰甚力)

Derived characters

• 墈, 磡, 𦤯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2393
• Dae Jaweon: page 334, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 373, character 18
• Unihan data for U+52D8

Chinese

trad.		勘
simp. #		勘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 勘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
湛	*ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	*l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	*kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ
嵁	*kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	*kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	*ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːms) : semantic 力 (“strong”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) – to look at carefully, strongly.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kān (kan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham³, ham¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kham / khàm

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kān
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kan
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan¹
    • Yale: kān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kan
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ham³, ham¹
    • Yale: ham, hām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham³, ham¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem³, hem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm³³/, /hɐm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kham
    • Tâi-lô: kham
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qafm
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàm
    • Tâi-lô: khàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qaxm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰam¹¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: khomH

Rime
Character	勘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦紺切
Baxter	khomH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌmH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəmH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəmH/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀmH/
Wang Li	/kʰɒmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰămH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰluːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勘
Reading #	1/1
No.	11275
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	勘
Old Chinese	/*kʰluːms/

Definitions

勘

1. to proofread; to compare
2. to investigate

   勘探  ―  kāntàn  ―  to prospect

Compounds

• 制勘
• 勘估
• 勘合
• 勘問／勘问
• 勘婚
• 勘察 (kānchá)
• 勘探 (kāntàn)
• 勘查 (kānchá)
• 勘檢／勘检
• 勘正 (kānzhèng)
• 勘測／勘测 (kāncè)
• 勘破 (kānpò)
• 勘誤／勘误 (kānwù)
• 勘誤表／勘误表 (kānwùbiǎo)
• 勘驗／勘验
• 契勘
• 察勘
• 對勘／对勘
• 履勘
• 打勘
• 拷勘
• 推勘
• 探勘 (tànkān)
• 查勘 (chákān)
• 根勘
• 校勘 (jiàokān)
• 校勘學／校勘学 (jiàokānxué)
• 歸勘／归勘
• 磨勘
• 禁勘
• 踏勘 (tàkān)
• 錯勘／错勘
• 震波測勘／震波测勘
• 駁勘／驳勘
• 點勘／点勘

 

References

• “勘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

勘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: こん (kon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: かんがえる (kangaeru, 勘える)

Compounds

• 勘(かん)定(じょう) (kanjō): bill, check
• 勘(かん)違(ちが)い (kanchigai): misunderstanding, wrong guess

Etymology

Kanji in this term
勘
かん Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 勘 (MC khomH).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かん [kàń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Noun

勘(かん) • (kan) 

1. perception; intuition; the sixth sense
   • Fullmetal Alchemist

     君(きみ)のような勘(かん)のいいガキは嫌(きら)いだよ

     Kimi no yō na kan no ii gaki wa kirai da yo

     I hate sharp-witted brats like you.

Affix

勘(かん) • (kan) 

1. consideration
2. disinheritance

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 勘 (MC khomH).

Hanja

勘 (eumhun 헤아릴 감 (hearil gam))

1. Hanja form^? of 감 (“consideration”).

Compounds

• 감정 (勘定, gamjeong, “calculation”)
• 감안 (勘案, gaman, “consideration”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]