없다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 없다 (Yale: eps.ta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈɘ(ː)p̚t͈a̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [업(ː)따]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	eopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	eobsda
McCune–Reischauer?	ŏpta
Yale Romanization?	ēpsta

Adjective

없다 • (eopda) (infinitive 없어, sequential 없으니)

1. to have none; (to be) lacking; (to be) nonexistent

   전 은행 계좌가 없어요.

   jeon eunhaeng gyejwaga eopseoyo.

   I don't have a bank account.

   하나도 없다.

   hanado eopda.

   Not a single one.

   없어 보인다.

   eopseo boinda.

   Lacking in appearance; not stylish

   같이 어울릴만한 친구가 한명도 없다.

   gachi eoullilmanhan chin'guga hanmyeongdo eopda.

   I don't have a friend to hang out with.

   나랑 수준이 맞는 친구가 한명도 없다.

   narang sujuni manneun chin'guga hanmyeongdo eopda.

   I don't have a friend who's up to my level.

   • 2006, National Institute of Korean History ((deprecated template usage) 국사편찬위원회 (Guksapyeonchanwiwonhoe)), quoting Choe Manri ((deprecated template usage) 최만리(崔萬理)), (deprecated template usage) 《세종장헌대왕실록》(世宗莊憲大王實錄)‎^[1], translation of (deprecated template usage) 집현전 부제학 최만리 등이 언문 제작의 부당함을 아뢰다 (jiphyeonjeon bujehak choemalli deung'i eonmun jejagui budanghameul aroeda), 2nd month of 1444 AD (二十六年二月二十日), Veritable Records of King Sejong (deprecated template usage) 《세종장헌대왕실록》(世宗莊憲大王實錄), archived from the original on 12 May 2016:

     이제 넓게 여러 사람의 의논을 채택하지도 않고 갑자기 이배(吏輩) 10여 인으로 하여금 가르쳐 익히게 하며, 또 가볍게 옛사람이 이미 이룩한 운서(韻書)를 고치고 근거 없는 언문을 부회(附會)하여 공장(工匠) 수십 인을 모아 각본(刻本)하여서 급하게 널리 반포하려 하시니, 천하 후세의 공의(公議)에 어떠하겠습니까?

     Ije neolge yeoreo saramui uinoneul chaetaekhajido anko gapjagi ibae 10yeo ineuro hayeogeum gareucheo ikhige hamyeo, tto gabyeopge yetsarami imi irukhan unseoreul gochigo geun'geo eomneun eonmuneul buhoehayeo gongjang susip ineul moa gakbonhayeoseo geuphage neolli banpoharyeo hasini, cheonha huse'ui gong'uie eotteohagetseumnikka?

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. (North Korea) to die

   (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

Usage notes

Most grammars classify 없다 (eopda) as an adjective with certain verbal qualities.

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 없다 (eopda): consonant-stem, 있/없(it/eop)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	없다 eopda	없어 eopseo	없어요 eopseoyo	없습니다 eopseumnida
	Past	없었다 eopseotda	없었어 eopseosseo	없었어요 eopseosseoyo	없었습니다 eopseotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	없느냐 eomneunya	없어 eopseo	없어요 eopseoyo	없습니까 eopseumnikka
	Past	없었느냐 eopseonneunya	없었어 eopseosseo	없었어요 eopseosseoyo	없었습니까 eopseotseumnikka
Assertive		없겠다 eopgetda	없겠어 eopgesseo	없겠어요 eopgesseoyo	없겠습니다 eopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		없어 eopseo	없어서 eopseoseo	없으니 eopseuni	없으니까 eopseunikka
Contrast		없지만 eopjiman	없는데 eomneunde	없더니 eopdeoni
Conjunction		없고 eopgo
Condition		없으면 eopseumyeon	없어야 eopseoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		없음 eopseum	없기 eopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		없었음 eopseosseum	없었기 eopseotgi
Determiners	Present		없는 eomneun
	Future		없을 eopseul

Sentence-final forms with honorific Alternative honorific: 안 계시다 (an gyesida)
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	없으시다 eopseusida	없으셔 eopseusyeo	없으세요, 없으셔요 eopseuseyo, eopseusyeoyo	없으십니다 eopseusimnida
	Past	없으셨다 eopseusyeotda	없으셨어 eopseusyeosseo	없으셨어요 eopseusyeosseoyo	없으셨습니다 eopseusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	없으시냐 eopseusinya	없으셔 eopseusyeo	없으세요, 없으셔요 eopseuseyo, eopseusyeoyo	없으십니까 eopseusimnikka
	Past	없으셨냐 eopseusyeonnya	없으셨어 eopseusyeosseo	없으셨어요 eopseusyeosseoyo	없으셨습니까 eopseusyeotseumnikka
Assertive		없으시겠다 eopseusigetda	없으시겠어 eopseusigesseo	없으시겠어요 eopseusigesseoyo	없으시겠습니다 eopseusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		없으셔 eopseusyeo	없으셔서 eopseusyeoseo	없으시니 eopseusini	없으시니까 eopseusinikka
Contrast		없으시지만 eopseusijiman	없으신데 eopseusinde	없으시더니 eopseusideoni
Conjunction		없으시고 eopseusigo
Condition		없으시면 eopseusimyeon	없으셔야 eopseusyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		없으심 eopseusim	없으시기 eopseusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		없으셨음 eopseusyeosseum	없으셨기 eopseusyeotgi
Determiners	Present		없으신 eopseusin
	Future		없으실 eopseusil

Antonyms

• 있다 (itda, “to exist”)

Derived terms

• 가없다 (ga'eopda)
• 끊임없다 (kkeunimeopda)
• 다름없다 (dareumeopda)
• 맛없다 (madeopda)
• 멋없다 (meodeopda)
• 변함없다 (byeonhameopda)
• 소용없다 (soyong'eopda)
• 쓸데없다 (sseuldeeopda)
• 어이없다 (eoieopda)
• 없애다 (eopsaeda, “to cause not to exist; do away with”)
• 없어지다 (eopseojida)
• 재미없다 (jaemieopda)
• 틀림없다 (teullimeopda)
• 한없다 (haneopda)

 

Related terms

• 없이 (eopsi)