[noun] retained their original meanings in Classical Chinese, such as 天(ten, “heaven”), 天下(tenka, “the world”) or 菩薩(bosatsu, “bodhisattva”)
[noun] were repurposed to translate Western concepts, such as 社会(shakai, “society”), 文化(bunka, “culture”), 過渡(kato, “transition”) or 博士(hakushi, “doctor”)
[noun] were newly coined from Classical Chinese syllables, morphemes or graphemes, such as 出超(shutchō, “trade surplus”) or 腺(sen, “gland”), where words coined from more than one syllable are called wasei kango (和製漢語) and coined kanji are called kokuji (国字)