悲哀

Chinese

		sad; sadness; sorrow sad; sadness; sorrow; grief	sorrow; grief; pity sorrow; grief; pity; to grieve for; to pity; to lament
trad. (悲哀)		悲	哀
simp. #(悲哀)		悲	哀

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bēi'āi

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟ ㄞ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹ oi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pî-ôi
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pi-ai

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bēi'āi
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ ㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bei-ai
    • Wade–Giles: pei¹-ai¹
    • Yale: bēi-āi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beiai
    • Palladius: бэйай (bɛjaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵ ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bei¹ oi¹
    • Yale: bēi ōi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹ oi¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: béi¹ oi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵ ɔːi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî-ôi
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi^ˊ oi^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi¹ oi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴⁻¹¹ oi̯²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi-ai
    • Tâi-lô: pi-ai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pi'ay
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² ai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³ ai³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² ai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pi⁴⁴⁻³³ ai⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴⁴⁻³³ ai⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: pij 'oj

Rime
Character	悲	哀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	府眉切	烏開切
Baxter	pij	'oj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiɪ/	/ʔʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚi/	/ʔəi/
Shao Rongfen	/piɪ/	/ʔɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pji/	/ʔəj/
Li Rong	/pji/	/ʔᴀi/
Wang Li	/pi/	/ɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi/	/ʔɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bī	āi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei1	oi1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*prəj  ʔˤəj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*prɯl  qɯːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悲	哀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bēi	āi
Middle Chinese	‹ pij ›	‹ ʔoj ›
Old Chinese	/*prəj/	/*ʔˁəj/
English	sad	to pity; sad
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悲	哀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3067	14835
Phonetic component	非	衣
Rime group	微	微
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	悲	哀
Old Chinese	/*prɯl/	/*qɯːl/

Adjective

悲哀

1. sorrowful; sad

   • 飲酒則歡樂，處喪則悲哀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     饮酒则欢乐，处丧则悲哀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Yǐnjiǔ zé huānyuè, chùsàng zé bēi'āi. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

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• 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
• 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
• 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
• 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
• 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
• 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
• 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
• 刺心 (cìxīn)
• 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
• 哀切 (āiqiè)
• 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
• 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
• 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
• 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
• 哀痛 (āitòng)
• 心酸 (xīnsuān)
• 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
• 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
• 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
• 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
• 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
• 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
• 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
• 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
• 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
• 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
• 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
• 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
• 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
• 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
• 悲戚 (bēiqī)
• 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
• 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
• 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
• 悲痛 (bēitòng)
• 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
• 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
• 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
• 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
• 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
• 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
• 慘／惨 (cǎn)
• 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
• 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
• 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
• 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
• 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
• 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
• 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
• 沉痛 (chéntòng)
• 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
• 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
• 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
• 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
• 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
• 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
• 痛心 (tòngxīn)
• 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
• 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
• 酸心 (suānxīn)
• 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
• 難過／难过 (nánguò)
• 青凊 (Hokkien)
• 黯然 (ànrán)

 

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
悲	哀
ひ Grade: 3	あい Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

悲(ひ)哀(あい) • (hiai) 

1. sorrow, sadness

   サラリーマン生活(せいかつ)の悲哀(ひあい)

   sararīman seikatsu no hiai

   the sorrows of the life of an office worker

Synonyms

• 哀痛(あいつう) (aitsū)