makan

See also: makán and mákan

Banjarese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Verb

makan

1. to eat (consume)

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Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.kan/
• Hyphenation: ma‧kan
• Rhymes: -akan, -kan, -an

Etymology 1

From Malay makan, from Old Malay mākan, from Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Verb

makan

1. infinitive, imperative and colloquial of memakan (“to eat; to consume”)
2. (transitive, figurative, colloquial) work properly

   Untung saja remnya makan kalau tidak matilah kau. ― You're lucky that the brake worked properly otherwise you would be dead.

Conjugation

Conjugation of makan (meN-, absolute transitive)
Root	makan
	Active	Involuntary	Passive	Basic / Imperative	Jussive
Active	memakan	termakan	dimakan	makan	makanlah
Locative	mempermakan	terpermakan	dipermakan	permakan	permakanlah
Causative / Applicative1	–	–	–	–	–
	Causative
Active	–	–	–	–	–
Locative	–	–	–	–	–
Causative / Applicative1	–	–	–	–	–
1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning.

Derived terms

• dimakan (“to be eaten”)
• makan malam (“dinner”)
• makan pagi (“breakfast”)
• makan siang (“lunch”)
• makan-makan
• makanan (“food”)
• memakan (“to eat”)
• memakani
• pemakan (“eater”)
• termakan

 

Compounds

• makan ampun
• makan angin
• makan arwah
• makan asam garam
• makan ayapan
• makan bawang
• makan bebas
• makan benak
• makan berkancah
• makan berpantang
• makan berulam
• makan besar
• makan biaya
• makan darah
• makan dati
• makan dawai
• makan dedak
• makan diri
• makan duit
• makan emas
• makan gaji
• makan hak
• makan hati
• makan jangat
• makan kawan sendiri
• makan kawat
• makan kerawat
• makan keringat orang
• makan kuli
• makan lewah
• makan malam
• makan mewah
• makan ongkos
• makan pagi
• makan pena
• makan riba
• makan sehat
• makan sekolah
• makan sepinggan
• makan sepuasnya
• makan siang
• makan sogok
• makan suap
• makan sumpah
• makan tali
• makan tanah
• makan tangan
• makan tidur
• makan tulang
• makan uang
• makan upah
• makan waktu

 

Etymology 2

Clipping of makanan

Noun

makan

1. (transitive, figurative) living; sustenance

   Synonyms: nafkah, penghidupan, rezeki

2. (colloquial) apocopic form of makanan (“food; sustenance”)

Further reading

• “makan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

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Malay

Etymology

First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684AD. From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /makan/

Verb

makan (Jawi spelling ماکن)

1. to eat
2. consume, spend
3. to injure or penetrate
4. (impersonal) to work as expected
5. fit in
6. to follow (an advice)
7. to receive bribes or illegally obtained money

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pemakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pemakanan [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
• makanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• memakan [agent focus] (meN-)
• memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• dimakan [patient focus] (di-)
• dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• termakan [agentless action] (teR-)
• bermakan [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• makan malam
• makan siang
• makan angin
• makan angkat
• makan suap

Descendants

• Indonesian: makan

Further reading

• “makan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

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Swedish

Noun

makan

1. (deprecated template usage) definite singular of maka