竅

See also: 窍

竅 U+7AC5, 竅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC5 ← 竄 [U+7AC4] CJK Unified Ideographs 竆 → [U+7AC6]

Translingual

Han character

竅 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹尸大 (JCHSK), four-corner 3024₈, composition ⿱穴敫)

Derived characters

• 𨇶

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 869, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25680
• Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2744, character 9
• Unihan data for U+7AC5

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Chinese

trad.		竅
simp.		窍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
礉	*kʰreːw, *kʰreːwɢs
邀	*qlew, *kleːw
憿	*kleːw
徼	*kleːw, *kleːwɢs
儌	*kleːwʔ, *kleːwʔ
璬	*kleːwʔ
皦	*kleːwʔ
繳	*kleːwʔ, *kljewɢ, *ɡreːɡ
敫	*kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ
譥	*kleːwɢs
激	*kleːwɢs, *kleːwɢ
噭	*kleːwɢs
獥	*kleːwɢs, *kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ
鸄	*kleːwɢs, *kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ
墽	*kʰleːw
竅	*kʰleːwɢs
覈	*ɡleːd, *ɡreːɡ
燩	*kʰreːwɢ, *kʰleːwɢ
檄	*ɡleːwɢ
薂	*ɡleːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ).

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiào (qiao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hiu³ / kiu³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khieu
• Jin (Wiktionary): qiau³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khiàu / khiò

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiao³ / kiou³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciào
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiao⁴
    • Yale: chyàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiaw
    • Palladius: цяо (cjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hiu³ / kiu³
    • Yale: hiu / kiu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hiu³ / kiu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hiu³ / kiu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːu̯³³/, /kʰiːu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khieu
    • Hakka Romanization System: kieu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kieu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯eu̯⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qiau³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàu / khiò
    • Tâi-lô: khiàu / khiò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiaux, qioix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiau⁴¹/, /kʰio⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiau²¹/, /kʰio²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiau¹¹/, /kʰio¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiau²¹/, /kʰiɤ²¹/

Note:

• khiàu - literary;
• khiò - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kiao³ / kiou³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiàu / khiòu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiau²¹³/, /kʰiou²¹³/

Note:

• kiao3 - Shantou;
• kiou3 - Chaozhou.

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• Middle Chinese: khewH

Rime
Character	竅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦弔切
Baxter	khewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰeuH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰeuH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰeuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɛwH/
Li Rong	/kʰeuH/
Wang Li	/kʰieuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰieuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hiu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤewk-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰleːwɢs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiào
Middle Chinese	‹ khewH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁewk-s/
English	hole, opening
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竅
Reading #	1/1
No.	6399
Phonetic component	敫
Rime group	豹
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	竅
Old Chinese	/*kʰleːwɢs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 竅

1. hole, aperture

References

• “竅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

竅

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)
• Kun: あな (ana)

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Korean

Hanja

竅 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.