Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Root[edit]

*pel-[1][2]

  1. to cover, to wrap
  2. skin, hide, cloth

Derived terms[edit]

  • *pel-ḗn ~ *pl̥-nés
    • *pl-ēn-(y)éh₂[3][4][5]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plėni(a) (membrane)
    • *pél-en-(e)h₂ ~ *pl-én-(e)h₂[3][6][4]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Proto-Slavic: *pelenà (diaper), *pelna (see there for further descendants)
    • *pel-nó-m[5][3]
      • Proto-Germanic: *fellą (skin, hide)[5] (see there for further descendants)
    • *pl̥-n-eh₂
      • >? Proto-Italic: *palnā
        • >? Latin: palla (a fine cloth) (see there for further descendants)
    • *pel-n-i-s[4][5]
      • Proto-Italic: *pelnis
        • Latin: pellis (pelt, hide) (see there for further descendants)
  • *pél-mn̥
    • ? *pel-mo-s
      • Proto-Germanic: *felmaz (covering, skin, hide) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *felmô (< collective *pél-mō)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *pélmə
  • *pél-sḱo-s
    • Proto-Albanian: *plaska
      • Albanian: plah (to cover, denominative)
  • *pél-trom
    • >? Proto-Celtic: *ɸletrom (skin, hide; leather) (with vowel metathesis)
      • Proto-Brythonic: *lledr (see there for further descendants)
      • Middle Irish: lethar
      • ? Proto-Germanic: *leþrą (leather) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: palà (linen kerchief)
Extensions
  • *pel-k-
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Old Prussian: pelkis (cloak)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *felhaną (to hide, conceal; to bury; to adhere) (see there for further descendants)
  • *pel-t-
    • ? *polto- (or substantivized from *pol-to-)
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Proto-Slavic: *poltьno (linen) (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Ancient Greek: πέλτη (péltē) (via Thracian?) (see there for further descendants)
  • *pl-ew- (or a u-variant of *pleh₂-?)[7]
    • *plēw-eh₂
      • ? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plēwāˀ (membrane)
    • *h₁epi-plow-yo-m
      • >? Proto-Hellenic: *epiplóyyon
  • ? *pl-eh₂- or *pel-h₂-

Root[edit]

*pel- (perhaps the same as the above)

  1. to fold

Extensions[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Root[edit]

*pel-

  1. to beat, push, drive

Extensions[edit]

  • *pel-d-
    • *pel-d
      • Proto-West Germanic: *felt (see there for further descendants)
  • *pel-em-
  • *pel-h₂-
  • *pl-eh₂-g-
    • *pleh₂-g-e-ti (thematic present)
      • Proto-Germanic: *flōkaną (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *plāgō
        • Latin: plāgō (see there for further descendants)
    • *pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-ti
    • *pl(e)h₂-g-ye-ti
    • *pl(e)h₂-g-éh₂
      • Proto-Albanian: *plāgā[10]
        • Albanian: plojë (bloodshed, carnage)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *plāgā́ (slaughter)
      • Proto-Italic: *plāgā
        • Latin: plāga (blow; slaughter; plague, misfortune) (see there for further descendants)
    • Unsorted formations:
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *flekkaz (mark, spot, blemish) (see there for further descendants)
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *flekkô (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms[edit]

Root[edit]

*pel- (perhaps related to the above root, i.e. resulting from beating)

  1. flour, dust

Derived terms[edit]

Root[edit]

*pel-[11]

  1. alternative reconstruction of *pelH- (pale, gray)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fella-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pellis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Derksen, Rick (2015), “plėnė”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365: “*pl-ēn-”
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pellis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455: “*pelni-”
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fella-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “*pel-nó-”
  6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pelenà; *pelna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 394
  7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*plěva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 405
  8. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “(TÚG)palaḫša-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 619
  9. ^ [1], "دوپر" in Dehkhoda Dictionary.
  10. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[2], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page ploje
  11. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “falwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  • Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag